Improvement of 20-hydroxyecdysone production in cell suspension cultures of Vitex glabrata R.Br. by precursor and elicitors feeding

Biotechnological advances in Vitex species, and future perspectives

“…Feeding cholesterol at 5 mg/L as a precursor to biosynthesize 20-HES accumulated 1.11-fold more 20-HES than control cells. In another study [23], callus cultures were initiated using the same explants as in the three previous reports. Elicitation with chitosan at 50 mg/L resulted in 17.16 g/L biomass and 377.09 mg/100 g DW 20-HES, which were 1.62 and 8.33 times higher than the control cultures, respectively.…”

“…Likewise, the addition of methyl jasmonate at 100 μM also enhanced growth and production of 20-HES. The highest growth and 20-HES production reached 14.44 g/L and 621.76 mg/100 g DW, which were 1.35- and 14.54-fold higher than the control cultures [23]. Noel and Darit [67] isolated triterpenes from callus cultures derived from leaf explants of V. negundo but triterpenes were not quantified nor was the method used to induce callus described.…”

“…Protocols for the in vitro propagation of only six species have been established (Table 2), and most have been dedicated to V. negundo (27 articles from a total of 46 papers dedicated to the genus) and V. trifolia (9/46). The only four reports that exist for V. glabrata are related to the production of secondary metabolites [83], [84], [23], [98] but a micropropagation protocol is not available for this species yet. Despite these studies, ironically, none of these studies was performed on the 15 Vitex species listed on the IUCN Red Data list [46].…”

“…pH NR.Continuous light. 2000 lux, 25 °C.20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysteroid) production was improved with the addition of precursors: 7-dehydrocholesterol (10 mg/l; 1.31 mg/l/d; 1.36-fold higher than control), ergosterol (10 mg/l; 1.12-fold higher than control), and cholesterol (5 mg/l; 1.11-fold higher than control [98].[83], [84], [98], [23] V . leucoxylon Internodes from young shoots of 2-y-old plantsMS + 2.2 μM BA + 5.4 μM NAA (CIM).…”

“…glabrata is a tree commonly known as “Kai Nano” in Thailand whose bark and roots are used as an astringent because the bark accumulates high levels of ecdysteroids, primarily 20-hydroxyecdysone or β-ecdysone [110]. The former compound, 20-hydroxyecdysone, can be synthesized in cell suspension cultures of V. glabrata [83], [84], [23]. V. leucoxylon is a large deciduous tree found in India and is commonly known in Marathi as Songarbhi .…”