Improvement in osteogenesis, vascularization, and corrosion resistance of titanium with silicon-nitride doped micro-arc oxidation coatings

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) implants have been widely used for the treatment of tooth loss due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, modifying the biological properties of these implants to increase osteointegration remains a research challenge. Additionally, the continuous release of various metal ions in the oral microenvironment due to fluid corrosion can also lead to implant failure. Therefore, simultaneously improving the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of Ti-based materials is an urgent need. In recent decades, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has been proposed as a surface modification technology to form a surface protective oxide layer and improve the comprehensive properties of Ti. The present study doped nano silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles into the Ti surface by MAO treatment to improve its corrosion resistance and provide excellent osteoinduction by enhancing alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic-related gene expression. In addition, due to the presence of silicon, the Si3N4-doped materials showed excellent angiogenesis properties, including the promotion of cell migration and tubule formation, which play essential roles in early recovery after implantation.

Recent advances in the application and biological mechanism of silicon nitride osteogenic properties: a review

“…Silicon nitride has been shown to have good biocompatibility and promote bone formation. [28][29][30][31] Correspondingly, it has been used as an artificial bone graft or bone implant material. However, the clinical application of silicon nitride is still in its infancy.…”

“…For reaction bonding, nitrogen at a high temperature is used to heat porous silicon blocks with specific geometries formed from silicon powder. The sintering method refers to the compaction of silicon nitride powder (combined with sintering agent Al 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 ), followed by heating in high-temperature N 2 (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Based on the sintering method, hot pressing technology can produce more dense silicon nitride than sintering due to the higher given sintering pressure.…”

Influences of Sc(NO3)3 on characteristics of micro-arc oxidation coatings

“…Micro-arc oxidation grows an oxidized ceramic film in situ on the surface of valve metals, via an electrochemical process, including zirconium, titanium, magnesium and their alloys, so as to ameliorate the corrosion resistance, wearability and high-temperature oxidation resistance of the matrix metal [8,9]. The main factors that affect the properties of the MAO coating are electrical parameters [10,11], electrolyte [12] and additives [13].…”

The Design and Characterization of New Chitosan, Bioglass and ZnO-Based Coatings on Ti-Zr-Ta-Ag

“…Starting in the middle of the last century, titanium was the most selected metallic material for many applications [1][2][3][4] in various environments, including bioliquids [5][6][7] due to its remarkable properties regarding its electrochemical stability and mechanical characteristics. Most of the metallic alloys used for implantology are based on titanium and stainless steel and used mainly in the orthopedic field due to their good mechanical properties.…”

“…The need to enhance the mechanical properties of pure titanium for various fields of applications has led to the elaboration and use of alloys such as TiAlV and TiAlNb which have been homologated [8,9] and used intensively as biomaterials [10]. The toxicity generated by ions that could be released from the metallic surface into the human body fibrous structures [5,6] of Al and V, which are present in such approved alloys, has led, at the beginning of this century, to the promotion of binary titanium alloys with Zr [11,12], one of the most biocompatible elements of the system. In looking for more performant metallic materials, a new class of multicomponent alloys (or high entropy alloys) was developed [13,14].…”