Improvement in liquid fuel product quality from reactions of grape marc with CO/H2O

Pyrolysis-GC/MS analysis of biomass and the bio-oils produced from CO/H 2 O reactions

“…Nearly all previous studies have only investigated one form of biomass, over a limited range of pyrolysis temperatures, and, moreover, have not compared the original biomass with the products of thermo-chemical reactions. Py-GC/MS can also be useful in analysing liquid fractions (or bio-oil) produced via thermal treatment of biomass, because the bio-oil may often contain high molecular weight and highly polar components [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] which are often problematic for analysis by conventional GC-MS.…”

Density functional theory simulation of the deoxygenation of lignite model compounds in the aqueous phase under a CO atmosphere catalyzed by OH− ions

“…[7][8][9] Hydrothermal liquefaction under a CO atmosphere can effectively avoid the above problems and is usually considered a promising alternative technology for direct lignite liquefaction. 10 Studies on the liquefaction of lignite under CO and H 2 O systems by Shui et al, 11 Subagyono et al 12 and Guo et al 13 have all demonstrated the benefits of this technology over the conventional H 2 and organic solvent method. They have proposed that the high efficiency of this system could be attributed to the fact that the reaction of CO and H 2 O produces active H species, which have a greater activity than H 2 .…”