When parents seek care for their children, they typically turn to general pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists for this care, recognizing that pediatricians have received specialized training tailored to children and adolescents. Parents generally trust pediatricians inherently and expect that these physicians will provide outstanding, state-of-the-art care on every encounter, keeping pace with the constantly evolving practice of pediatrics. To demonstrate to parents, hospitals, credentialing bodies, and payors evidence of the necessary background and expertise to provide state-of-the-art care, most pediatricians obtain board certification, a voluntary process that goes above and beyond state licensing requirements for practicing medicine and indicates an additional level of accomplishment and expertise. Hospitals increasingly require board certification for medical staff privileges, and credentialing bodies and payors often require board certification for participation in provider networks and for reimbursement.The process of board certification for general pediatricians and most pediatric subspecialists is administered by the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) and requires completion of training in an accredited program, verification by the training program director of competence in 6 core competencies (patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, professionalism, interpersonal and communication skills, and systems-based practice), and satisfactory performance on the ABP certifying examination in general pediatrics or the relevant pediatric subspecialty. For individuals who obtained initial certification in 1988 or afterward to remain certified, the ABP requires participation in Maintenance of Certification (MOC), a program that currently focuses on 3 of the core competencies, specifically professionalism, medical knowledge, and practice-based learning and improvement. Maintenance of certification is intended to demonstrate for the public those pediatricians who meet the highest standards of professionalism (part 1), lifelong learning and self-assessment (part 2), ongoing knowledge assessment (part 3), and improving professional practice (part 4).The process of MOC has received considerable attention in recent years, 1 raising questions among members of the pediatric community (and other medical specialties) about the objectives, format, time commitment, and impact relative to the cost to the diplomate. In response to feedback from pediatricians, the ABP has implemented major changes in the MOC program over the past few years, allowing MOC to continue to evolve. In particular, the ABP has attempted to clarify the goals of MOC, expand the range of options to satisfy MOC requirements, create options more applicable to a practi-VIEWPOINT