Improvement in functional performance with high-speed power training in older adults is optimized in those with the highest training velocity

Sayers, Stephen P.; Gibson, Kyle; Mann, James B.

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3484-x

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Interestingly, the magnitude of the RFD enhancement seems to be independent of the ballistic-intended movements in elderly persons. It is important to emphasize that the maximal limb velocity during the explosive training can be highly variable in elderly persons (Sayers et al, 2016), which could theoretically attenuate the traininginduced changes in RFD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Guizelini

Aguiar

Denadai

et al. 2018

Experimental Gerontology

101

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Rapid force capacity, identified by rate of rise in contractile force at the onset of contraction, i.e., the rate of force development (RFD), has been considered an important neuromuscular parameter of physical fitness in elderly individuals. Randomized control studies conducted in adults have found that resistance training may elicit different outcomes in terms of RFD and muscle strength. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to review systematically the literature for studies regarding the influence of resistance training on muscle strength and RFD in elderly persons. A literature search was performed in major electronic databases from inception to March 2017. Studies including health individuals with a mean age≥60years, describing the effect of resistance training on RFD and muscle strength were found eligible. The outcomes were calculated as the difference in percentage change between control and experimental groups (% change) and data were presented as mean±95% confidence limits. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model and, in addition, simple and multiple meta-regression analyses were used to identify effects of age, training type, sessions per week and training duration on % change in RFD and muscle strength. Thirteen training effects were collected from 10 studies included in the meta-analysis. The resistance training program had a moderate beneficial effect on both muscle strength (% change=18.40%, 95% CL 13.69-23.30, p<0.001) and RFD (% change=26.68, 95% CL 14.41-35.52, p<0.001). Results of the meta-regression revealed that the variables age, training type (i.e., strength and explosive), training duration (4-16weeks) and sessions per week had no significant effects on muscle strength and RFD improvement. Moreover, there was no significant relationship (p=0.073) between the changes in muscle strength and RFD. It can be concluded that explosive training and heavy strength training are effective resistance training methods aiming to improve both muscle strength and RFD after short-to-medium training period. However, muscle strength and RFD seem to adapt differently to resistance training programs, suggesting caution for their interchangeable use in clinical assessments of the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Guizelini

Aguiar

Denadai

et al. 2018

Experimental Gerontology

101

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“…Further, knee angular velocities in the 180 to 300 deg s −1 range are close to those observed during chair rise and walking, and power obtained at these speeds may have greater external validity (Jevsevar, Riley et al 1993). Thus, it is our recommendation that strength and power testing of older adults include high-velocity assessments and exercise interventions incorporate high-velocity exercise training that has been shown to confer functional benefits to both healthy and diseased older adults (Ni, Signorile et al 2016, Sayers, Gibson et al 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knee extensor power asymmetry is unrelated to functional mobility of older adults

LaRoche

Villa

Bond

et al. 2017

Experimental Gerontology

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Purpose To determine whether knee extensor power asymmetry limits functional mobility of older adults who possess muscle weakness. Methods Knee extensor power was measured in 36 older men and women (76.0 ± 7.6 yr), for each leg, on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60, 180, and 300 deg s−1 and power asymmetry was calculated as the percent difference in power between strong and weak legs, at each isokinetic velocity. 400-m walk, stair ascent, and five-repetition chair rise tests were performed to assess functional mobility. Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between weak leg power, strong leg power, power asymmetry, and 400-m walk time, stair ascent time, and chair rise time. Participants were then stratified into Low Power-High Asymmetry (LP-HA), Low Power-Low Asymmetry (LP-LA), High Power-High Asymmetry (HP-HA), and High Power-Low Asymmetry (HP-LA) groups who were compared for functional mobility. Results Knee extensor power asymmetry was unrelated to 400-m walk time (r = 0.16, p = 0.180), stair ascent time (r = 0.22, p = 0.094), or chair rise time (r = 0.03, p = 0.437), whereas weak and strong leg powers were equally associated with 400-m time (r = −0.62, p < 0.001; r = −0.62, p < 0.001), stair ascent time (r = −0.55, p < 0.001; r = −0.57, p < 0.001), and chair rise time (r = −0.28, p = 0.048; r = −0.31, p = 0.032), respectively. Power asymmetry was lowest at 60 deg s−1 (12%), and increased with contraction velocity (p = 0.001) to 15% at 180 deg s−1 and to 20% at 300 deg s−1. LP-HA exhibited 26% slower 400-walk time than HP-LA (p = 0.015) and 19% slower than HP-HA (p = 0.037). LP-HA had 31% slower stair ascent time than HP-LA (p = 0.033). There were no differences in chair rise performance between groups. Conclusions Knee extensor power asymmetry was unrelated to 400-m walk, stair ascent, and chair rise performance in older adults. Weak and strong limb powers were equally related to these functional measures, but a leftward shift of the power-mobility curve exists for the weak leg that may hinder clinical assessment if strength or power is measured on a single limb and symmetry is assumed. The greatest degree of knee extensor power asymmetry occurred at the fastest isokinetic velocity, which suggests high-speed muscle contractions may better differentiate laterality of function in older individuals.

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“…A recent study reported improvement in physical function following high-speed power training with an average limb velocity of 0.88 m/sec in healthy older adults 19 ) . Others have found that even a progressive heavy-resistance training program of short duration (i.e., 8 weeks) can produce dramatic improvements in muscle strength as well as significant muscular hypertrophy in physically active older women 20 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a 12-week marching in place and chair rise daily exercise intervention on ADL and functional mobility in frail older adults

Kato¹,

Islam

Koizumi

et al. 2018

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] To determine the effects of a 12-week intervention consisting of marching in place and chair rising daily exercise on activities of daily living and functional mobility (ability to quickly rise from a chair and walk) in frail older adults. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-one participants were divided into exercise (n=18, age=77.6 ± 7.2 years; 11 males, 7 females) and non-exercise (n=13, age=79.6 ± 7.7 years; 7 males, 6 females) groups. The exercise group performed 12 weeks of training, 7 days per week, and 20 minutes per session. The exercise program consisted of low to moderate intensity marching in place and chair rising movements. The speed of movements was gradually increased over time. The Barthel index, mean power during chair stand, and time to complete a 10-m walk were assessed before and after the intervention. [Results] Significant improvements were noted in the exercise group compared to the non-exercise group for the Barthel Index (11.6%), mean power (33%), and 10-M walk (14.6%) with a medium effect size, and relative mean power (power/body mass) (32.9%) with a large effect size. [Conclusion] The progressive marching in place and chair rising exercise intervention appears to be effective in improving activities of daily living and functional mobility among frail older adults.

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Improvement in functional performance with high-speed power training in older adults is optimized in those with the highest training velocity

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Knee extensor power asymmetry is unrelated to functional mobility of older adults

Effects of a 12-week marching in place and chair rise daily exercise intervention on ADL and functional mobility in frail older adults

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