Improvement in flame retardancy of polyurethane dispersions by newer reactive flame retardant

Wazarkar, Kunal; Kathalewar, Mukesh; Sabnis, Anagha

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.05.016

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…All of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments were performed with 9-10 mg samples on an HCT-1 thermogravimeter analyzer (Beijing Hengjiu Scientific Instrument Factory) from room temperature to 800 8C at a heating rate of 10 8C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded from in the range 4000-400 cm 21 with the KBr pellet technique on a Nexus 670 spectrum instrument. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured according to ASTM D 2863.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18][19][20] The chemical bonding of flame-retardant elements onto the framework of parent materials is another efficient way to gain better flame retardancy but does not apparently change the mechanical properties of the parent materials. [21][22][23] From a practical point of view, the physical introduction of flame-retardant chemicals or elements into materials is greatly advantageous because the method is simple, the design process is flexible, and the method is easily scaled up for production; it has great potentials for the development and commercial production of new, efficient flame-retardant materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene and poly(ionic liquid) modified polyurethane sponges with enhanced flame‐retardant properties

Wei

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Graphene (Gr) and poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) modified polyurethane (PU) sponges with enhanced flame‐retardant properties were prepared by the direct dip coating of Gr and ionic liquid (IL) monomers onto a PU sponge followed by the polymerization of IL monomers under thermal initiation. With a content of 1.5% Gr in IL, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PU–PIL–Gr was 26.1%, whereas the neat PU sponge showed an LOI of only 17.9%. The horizontal flame test results indicate that PIL–Gr prevented horizontal flame spread and eliminated melt dripping. Compared with that of the neat PU sponge, the peak heat release rate of PU–PIL–Gr decreased about 22.0%. These improvements on flame retardancy might have been due to a hybrid flame retardant originating from Gr (which acted as carbon source) and PIL (which contained the flame‐retardant elements) in the PU sponge and the formation of protective layers, which isolated the oxygen and heat more effectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45477.

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Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and poly(ionic liquid) modified polyurethane sponges with enhanced flame‐retardant properties

Wei

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Until today, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has received much attention in consideration of its versatility and eco‐friendly properties, which is extensively utilized in coating, adhesive, and leather . However, there is potential threat of fire to people and the environment because of the flammability of WPU . With aim to widen the realm of WPU application, great efforts have been dedicated to improve its flame retardancy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly effective flame‐retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, a novel bi-reactive flame retardant (FRD) was successfully synthesized for waterborne polyurethane (WPU). The chemical structures of FRD were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra and 1 H and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, the FRD was incorporated into polyurethane backbone to prepare a series of flame-retarded WPU (FRWPU). The flammability characteristics of FRWPU were measured by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimeter (CCT) tests. The FRPWU-7 had a high LOI value of 30.5% with UL94 V-0 rating. Moreover, the CCT values indicated that FRD induced the gaseous phase quenching effect of phosphoruscontaining free radicals derived from the decomposed phosphaphenanthrene group on the gas-phase flame retardancy. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectra exhibited that FRD promoted the charring formation of phosphorus-rich char layer with graphitized surface and honeycomb-like intumescent structure in WPU matrix during burning. This study provides a new way to design a novel reactive P-P flame retardant consisted of the phosphaphenanthrene group and intumescent flame retardant for WPU application.

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“…PUP has attracted attention due to its high reactivity with isocyanate groups. However, the introduction of flexible polyurethane segments tends to reduce the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polymers . Therefore, researchers have attempted to introduce elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon) that can effectively reduce risk of fire into the toughening agent molecular chain to prepare a flame retardant toughening agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…introduction of flexible polyurethane segments tends to reduce the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polymers. 8 Therefore, researchers have attempted to introduce elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon) that can effectively reduce risk of fire into the toughening agent molecular chain to prepare a flame retardant toughening agent. Bo's team prepared a phosphorus-containing polyurethane prepolymer (PPUP) for toughening phenolic foam.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer and boric acid co‐modified phenolic foam composite: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a new kind of co‐modified phenolic foam was synthesized with polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) and H3BO3 by a simple preparation method. Firstly, in order to determine the optimal amount of PUP, the effects of different PUP additions on the mechanical properties, foam microstructure, and pulverization rate of phenolic foam were investigated. Then H3BO3 was added to toughened phenolic foam, in order to reduce its fire hazard. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the PFPUP8 phenolic foam composite were the best when the PUP content was 8 wt%. It had a small and regular cell structure, and its pulverization ratio was reduced by 80% compared with that of pristine phenolic foam. Meanwhile, the flame retardant properties of PFPUP8 were improved in different degrees with an increase in the amount of H3BO3. Particularly, when the addition of H3BO3 was 10 wt%, the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, and the total smoke release values of PFPUP10B were decreased by 35.4%, 42.4%, and 45.2%, respectively, compared with those of PFPUP8. The value of the limit oxygen index was increased by 33.1%. Besides, the addition of H3BO3 had no adverse effect on the mechanical properties and pulverization ratio of PFPUP8. In addition, the specific mechanisms of toughening, flame retardant, and smoke suppression are also discussed in this paper on the basis of an investigation into the thermal properties of the toughened flame retardant foam composites by thermogravimetric analysis in N2 atmosphere.

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Improvement in flame retardancy of polyurethane dispersions by newer reactive flame retardant

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Graphene and poly(ionic liquid) modified polyurethane sponges with enhanced flame‐retardant properties

Graphene and poly(ionic liquid) modified polyurethane sponges with enhanced flame‐retardant properties

Highly effective flame‐retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application

Preparation and mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer and boric acid co‐modified phenolic foam composite: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties

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