Improvement in ejection fraction by hydrotherapy as rehabilitation in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema

Abstract

These results suggest that the breathing exercise by immersion is useful not only in treating emphysema but also in improving cardiac function.

Hydrotherapy in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative systematic review

“…37 The remaining four studies were non-experimental descriptive studies. [38][39][40][41] The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from one to eight COPD 12 217 27 145 11 473 2157 491 177 361 000 414 660 Chronic bronchitis 2223 4303 1801 183 68 88 213 000 221 666 Pulmonary emphysema 2704 3511 1857 67 66 34 157 000 165 239 Ai Chi hydrotherapy 0 139 5 2 19 4 470 639 Haliwick 0 6 8 5 16 4 605 644 PR 3451 1848 1029 394 160 109 166 000 166 109 Hydrotherapy and COPD 7 8 5 1 0 0 255 276 Ai Chi and COPD 0 0 1 0 0 0 16 17 Halliwick and COPD 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 PR and hydrotherapy 6 9 3 1 0 0 1180 1199 Chronic bronchitis and hydrotherapy 2 7 1 0 0 0 1370 1390 Pulmonary emphysema and hydrotherapy 5 2 2 1 0 0 509 519 PR and COPD 426 1609 697 238 64 6 25 400 29 440 Note: COPD,...…”

“…[35][36][37]39,40 Four studies had no exclusion criteria stipulated. 35,36,39,40 One had no clearly defined inclusion criteria. 37 The recruitment process was likely to produce bias with regard to the subjects' response to the intervention.…”

“…37 The recruitment process was likely to produce bias with regard to the subjects' response to the intervention. 35,[37][38][39]40 A power calculation and justification for the sample size was given and control group was included in two studies. 33,34 The stability of baseline measurements and randomization of interventions were not clearly stated.…”

“…33,34 The stability of baseline measurements and randomization of interventions were not clearly stated. 35,38,39,40 In one study, the number of subjects randomly assigned to each group, order of interventions, whether the interventions were executed on the same day and the time of intervention remained unclear. 38 Outcome measurements were not measured accurately and therefore bias could not be minimized.…”

“…38 Outcome measurements were not measured accurately and therefore bias could not be minimized. 39,40 No clear indication was given of the frequency of the intervention, number of times the intervention occurred, or the total duration of the intervention. 38 Two studies acknowledged that sample sizes were small.…”