Improvement in direction discrimination: No role for eye movements

Kosnik, William; Fikre, John; Sekuler, Robert

doi:10.3758/bf03207065

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A couple of studies have measured pursuit responses to obliquely moving targets. Kosnik, Fikre and Sekuler (1985) measured tracking eye movements to stimulus directions of upwards (90 deg) and three degrees to the left (93 deg) and right (87 deg) of upwards. They found that the pursuit movements were in the correct general direction although there was some error, usually within 2-8 deg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human smooth pursuit direction discrimination

Watamaniuk

Heinen

1999

Vision Research

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The smooth pursuit system is usually studied using single moving objects as stimuli. However, the visual motion system can respond to stimuli that must be integrated spatially and temporally (Williams DG, Sekuler R. Vision Res 1984;24:55-62; Watamaniuk SNJ, Sekuler R, Williams DW. Vision Res 1989;29:47-59). For example, when each dot of a random-dot cinematogram (RDC) is assigned a new direction of motion each frame from a narrow distribution of directions, the whole field of dots appears to move in the average direction (Williams and Sekuler, 1984). We measured smooth pursuit eye movements generated in response to small (10 deg diameter) RDCs composed of 250 dynamic random dots. Smooth eye movements were assessed by analyzing only the first 130 ms of eye movements after pursuit initiation (open-loop period). Comparing smooth eye movements to RDCs and single spot targets, we find that both targets generate similar responses confirming that the signal supplied to the smooth pursuit system can result from a spatial integration of motion information. In addition, the change in directional precision of smooth eye movements to RDCs with different amounts of directional noise was similar to that found for psychophysical direction discrimination. These results imply that the motion processing system responsible for psychophysical performance may also provide input to the oculomotor system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human smooth pursuit direction discrimination

Watamaniuk

Heinen

1999

Vision Research

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“…Second, while fixation stability is not hampered in older adults with good acuity (i.e., normal, early AMD, and intermediate AMD), 52 , 53 it is problematic in advanced AMD impacting central vision, making it difficult to maintain image topography inside the eye. Spatial properties (e.g., density, spacing) of the cone mosaic is highly dependent on distance from the fovea, which is therefore captured in addition to specific regions of interest in large montages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Eyes With Aged Lenses or Intraocular Lenses

Zhang

Wang

Clark

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To assess the performance of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in a large sample of eyes with or without age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and with cataracts or intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Patients with various degrees of AMD and age-similar normal subjects underwent fundus photography. Cataract severity and IOL clarity were assessed by fundus reflex photographs. In phakic eyes, lenticular opacity was graded as nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular cataract. In eyes with IOLs, lens clarity was assessed by posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Quality of AOSLO images of the macular photoreceptor mosaic was classified as good, adequate or inadequate by human graders in a subjective assessment of cone visibility. Results A total of 159 eyes in 80 subjects (41 males, 39 females, aged 72.5 ± 11.5 years, 16 normals) were examined. Seventy-nine eyes had IOLs, and 80 eyes were phakic. AOSLO produced good images in 91 eyes (57%), adequate images in eight eyes (5%), and inadequate images in 27 eyes (17%). AOSLO did not acquire images in 33 eyes (21%), because of dense lenticular opacity, widespread PCO, or problems specific to individual subjects. Conclusions AOSLO images considered at least Adequate or better for visualizing cone photoreceptors were acquired from 62% of study eyes. Translational Relevance AOSLO can be used as an additional imaging modality to investigate the structure of cone photoreceptors in research on visual function in AMD and in clinical trials involving older patients.

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“…Beam Splitter Shutter the discrimination of the direction of motion is not based on the direction of tracking eye-movement responses (Holtzman, Sedgwick, & Festinger, 1978;Kosnik, Fikre, & Sekuler, 1985).…”

Section: Galvanometer Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%