Improvement and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of levosulpiride in human serum and urine

Rapid quantification of levosulpiride in human plasma using RP‐HPLC‐MS/MS for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study

“…GC/MS techniques were reported early in the development of sulpiride and presented a low sensitivity of 50 ng/mL with time-consuming pre-column derivatization (Frigerio and Pantarotto, 1977). Several HPLC methods coupled with fluorescence detection (Tokunaga et al, 1997;Cho and Lee, 2003;Cho et al, 2004;Jin et al, 2004) and ultraviolet detection (UVD) (Bressolle and Bres, 1985;Koo et al, 2006) were developed. However, these methods possess disadvantages such as long analytical run times or back-extraction procedures for clear separation of levosulpiride, even though they presented sufficiently low lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) of 0.25-10 ng/mL.…”

Simultaneous electrochemiluminescence determination of sulpiride and tiapride by capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additives

“…It does not appear to be completely metabolized, showing that 70-90% of an intravenous dose and 15-25% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine [5,6]. Several methods, including gas chromatography [7], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet [8], fluorescence [9][10][11][12] or mass spectrometric detection [13,14], capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence (CE-ECL) [15] and ultraviolet [16], for detection of sulpiride have been developed. In HPLC or LC analysis of sulpiride, tiapride is often used as internal standard [10,13,14,17].…”

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantification of levosulpiride in human plasma and its application to bioequivalence study

“…This procedure proved much simpler than previous LC-MS [20,21] and chromatographic methods [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The amount of plasma used (100 L) was significantly lower than that in previous studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]21]. Earlier studies had shown a relationship between the pH of the sample and the percent recovery of levosulpiride; more basic conditions (pH 11) resulted in a higher recovery of levosulpiride from the plasma [20].…”

“…The use of UPLC allowed separation of analyte and IS from the endogenous matrix within 1.5 min and yielded excellent chromatographic peak shapes with an isocratic mobile phase. The 3-min runtime is considerably shorter than that of previous methods [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], including LC-MS [20]. Recently, a rapid method was described that afforded elution of analyte and IS within the void volume (0.6 min).…”

“…Several methods, including spectrofluorometry [6], liquid chromatography with fluorescence [7][8][9][10][11][12], and ultraviolet detection [13,14], have been reported for determining levosulpiride levels in human biofluids. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a well-established technique, but is limited by poor specificity and long analysis times.…”