Improved Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Corn following Soybean in Irrigated Sandy Loams

Attia, Ahmed; Shapiro, Charles A.; Kranz, William L.; Mamo, Martha; Mainz, Michael

doi:10.2136/sssaj2015.05.0200

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…4) similar to other N response studies (Attia et al, 2015;Hatfield and Prueger, 2001). In contrast with 20 kg P ha -1 , AFNR g was 64% at 45 kg N ha -1 , linearly decreasing to 35% as N rate increased to 224 kg N ha -1 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Schlegel

Havlin

2017

Agronomy Journal

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Core Ideas Initiated in 1961, a 50‐yr field study quantified continuous irrigated corn response to annual N and P rates. Positive N–P interactions on grain yield and grain N/P concentrations were documented. Economic optimum N rate varied greatly over years, but averaged ∼175 kg N ha−1 (1992‐2010). Significantly greater apparent fertilizer N recovery in grain (∼45%) occurred with P fertilization compared to no P (∼20%). Long‐term field studies can be used to improve nutrient effects on productivity. Long‐term agricultural field experiments provide valuable information regarding the effects of nutrient inputs on crop productivity. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 50 yr of annual N and P application on irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, grain nutrient uptake, and economic optimum N rates. Six N (0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha−1) and three P rates (0, 20, and 40 kg P ha−1) in a factorial arrangement were applied annually from 1992 to 2010 to a Ulysses silt loam near Tribune, KS. From 1961 to 1991, only two P rates (0 and 20 kg P ha−1) were applied with the six N rates. During the last 19 yr, grain yield increased 20% with P alone and 103% with N alone; however, N and P applied together increased grain yields up to 225% compared to the unfertilized control. The N rate required for maximum profit at 20 and 40 kg P ha−1 averaged 172 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively. At the economic optimum N rate of 172 kg N ha−1, apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery in grain (AFNRg) was 44% and apparent fertilizer phosphorus recovery (AFPRg) was 63 and 44% with 20 and 40 kg P ha−1, respectively. Fifty years of irrigated corn response to N and P fertilization demonstrated a strong positive interaction between N and P on grain yield, apparent N and P recovery, and profitability.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Schlegel

Havlin

2017

Agronomy Journal

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“…The states were: Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Raw data from many sources (Freeborn et al, 2001;Wortmann et al, 2012;Attia et al, 2015;Staton et al, 2011Staton et al, -2016Orlowski et al, 2016;Mourtzinis et al, 2017) as well as several sources of previously unpublished data were included in our analysis. The resultant database consisted of 5991 plot-specific yield data derived from a total of 207 environments (experiment × year).…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Mourtzinis

Kaur

Orlowski

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

101

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A B S T R A C TThe effects of supplemental nitrogen (N) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield have been the focus of much research over the past four decades. However, most experiments were region-specific and focused on the effect of a single N-related management choice, thus resulting in a limited inference space. Here, we composited data from individual experiments conducted across the US that examined the effect of N fertilization on soybean yield. The combined database included 207 environments (experiment × year combinations) for a total of 5991 N-treated soybean yields. We used hierarchical modeling and conditional inference tree analysis on the combined dataset to establish the relationship and contribution of several N management choices on soybean yield. The N treatment variables were: N-application (single or split), N-method (soil incorporated, foliar, etc.), Ntiming (pre-plant, at a reproductive stage, etc.), and N-rate (from a 0 N control to as much as 560 kg ha). Of the total yield variability, 68% was associated with the effect of environment, whereas only a small fraction of that variability (< 1%) was attributable to each N variable. Averaged over all experiments, a single N application and the split N application were 60 and 110 kg ha −1 greater yielding than the zero N control treatment, respectively. A split N application with more than one method (e.g., soil incorporated and foliar) resulted in 120 kg ha −1 greater yield than zero N plots. Split N application between planting and reproductive stages (Rn) resulted in greater yield than zero N and single application during a Rn; however, the effect was not significantly different than N application at other growth stages. Increasing the N rate increased the environment average soybean yield; however, 93% of the environment-specific N-rate responses were not significant which suggested a minimal effect of N across the examined region. A large yield variability was observed among environments E-mail address: mourtzinis@wisc.edu (S. Mourtzinis).Abbreviations: BNF, biological nitrogen fixation; C, check (no nitrogen was applied); MM, major management practices; N, nitrogen; N-rate, nitrogen rate; N-application, number of nitrogen applications; N-method, method of nitrogen application; N-timing, timing of nitrogen application (growth stage/s); P, all nitrogen was applied at planting only; PR, split nitrogen application at planting and reproductive growth stages; pP, all nitrogen was applied at pre-planting only; Rn, reproductive growth stage; R, all nitrogen was applied at a reproductive growth stage only; RR, split nitrogen application at two reproductive growth stages; V, all nitrogen was applied at a vegetative growth stage only; Vn, vegetative growth stage MARKwithin the same N rates, which was attributed to growing environment differences (e.g., in-season weather conditions, soil type etc.) and non-N related management (e.g., irrigation). Conditional inference tree analysis identified N-timing and N-rate to be conditional to irriga...

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“…Thus, for every site-year by crop combination, there were six unique RGY calculated for P and K. The RGY calculation uses the treatment combinations within each fertilizer P or K rate group (0×, 1×, or 2×) to obtain multiple RGY for each site-year, an approach that differs from calculating RGY as the control yield relative to the yield of a maximum, or yield maximizing fertilizer rate (Dodd and Mallarino, 2005;Clover and Mallarino, 2013). The Cate-Nelson procedure (Cate and Nelson, 1971;Attia et al, 2015;Appelhans et al, 2016) was used to evaluate soil and tissue concentrations of P and K in relation to the RGY of corn and soybean with the "rcompanion" package (Mangiafico, 2017) of R (R Core Team, 2015). Soil and tissue test trends that developed over 9 yr were evaluated using a regression analysis in R and significance of the linear model was evaluated at P ≤ 0.05.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over‐Fertilization Does Not Build Soil Test Phosphorus and Potassium in Ohio

Fulford¹,

Culman²

2018

Agronomy Journal

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Appropriate P and K fertilizer recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Ohio are essential, as water quality and nutrient management issues in the region have intensifi ed over the last several years. Th e objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate corn and soybean grain yield response to P and K fertilization, (ii) examine soil test phosphorus (STP) and potassium (STK) and corn Leaf P and Leaf K trends, and (iii) compare the ability of soil and leaf tissue testing to refl ect corn and soybean response to fertilization. We evaluated three P and K fertilizer rates, no fertilizer (0×), an estimated nutrient removal rate (1×), and twice the estimated nutrient removal rate (2×), in corn-soybean rotations at three sites over 9 yr. Grain yield was generally non-responsive to P and K fertilization, with only 9 of 42 site-years yielding signifi cantly positive responses. Soil test P and K started in the maintenance range, but signifi cantly declined with the 1× rate at two of three sites for P and at all sites for K. Furthermore, the 2× rate of P and K failed to build STP and STK at any site, with signifi cant declines at one site. Th e results revealed an inability to maintain initial STP and STK levels with the 1× rate and call into question the suitability of current fertilizer P and K recommendations aimed at maintaining STP and STK. Th ese recommendations require updating to better refl ect fertilizer needs of modern corn and soybean.School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ. OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691.

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Improved Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Corn following Soybean in Irrigated Sandy Loams

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Over‐Fertilization Does Not Build Soil Test Phosphorus and Potassium in Ohio

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