Improved visual speed discrimination while walking

Durgin, Frank H.; Gigone, Krista; Schaffer, Evan

doi:10.1167/4.8.802

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reduction of perceived visual flow during self-motion is accompanied by enhanced discrimination among visual speeds in the expected range. 18 This is the prediction of Barlow's theory of inter-dimensional normalization. 24,43 Appropriately, discrimination is more important than direct estimation in the case of visual flow rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…requires that you refer to the visual motion alone, but there is good reason to believe it would be influenced by the rate of physical motion. [15][16][17][18][19] If I ask you the third question (Did the world seem to move?) I might intend to be asking you the same thing as the fourth question (Was the flow too slow or too fast?…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The perception of linear self-motion

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

VR lends itself to the study of intersensory calibration in self-motion perception. However, proper calibration of visual and locomotor self-motion in VR is made complicated by the compression of perceived distance and by unfamiliar modes of locomotion. Although adaptation is fairly rapid with exposure to novel sensorimotor correlations, here it is shown that good initial calibration is found when both (1) the virtual environment is richly structured in near space and (2) locomotion is on solid ground. Previously it had been observed that correct visual speeds seem too slow when walking on a treadmill. Several principles may be involved, including inhibitory sensory prediction, distance compression, and missing peripheral flow in the reduced FOV. However, though a richly-structured near-space environment provides higher rates of peripheral flow, its presence does not improve calibration when walking on a treadmill. Conversely, walking on solid ground still shows relatively poor calibration in an empty (though welltextured) virtual hallway. Because walking on solid ground incorporates well-calibrated mechanisms that can assess speed of self-motion independent of vision, these observations suggest that near space may have been better calibrated in the HMD. Near-space obstacle avoidance systems may also be involved. Order effects in the data from the treadmill experiment indicate that recalibration of self-motion perception occurred during the experiment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Theoretical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perception of linear self-motion

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, studies have shown that when either one of visual, vestibular or proprioceptive information is missing during locomotion, it can be predicted based on the other two sensory channels (Mittelstaedt and Mittelstaedt, 2001; Durgin and Gigone, 2007; Durgin, 2009). For the perception of visual speed, evidence suggests that optical flow speeds near to walking speeds are better discriminated when one is walking (Durgin et al, 2004; Durgin, 2009), but it is not clear if vision or proprioception is more important for monitoring self-motion speed when both are available (Sun et al, 2004b). This means that the manipulation of visual, vestibular or proprioceptive information can influence the perception of self-motion and the related motor activity (Durgin et al, 2005b; Mohler et al, 2007; Pelah et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Size of the Field of View on Visual Perception While Running in a Treadmill-Mediated Virtual Environment

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated how the size of the horizontal field of view (FoV) affects visual speed perception with individuals running on a treadmill. Twelve moderately trained to trained participants ran on a treadmill at two different speeds (8 and 12 km/h) in front of a moving virtual scene. Different masks were used to manipulate the visible visual field, masking either the central or the peripheral area of the virtual scene or showing the full visual field. We asked participants to match the visual speed of the scene to their actual running speed. For each trial, participants indicated whether the scene was moving faster or slower than they were running. Visual speed was adjusted according to the responses using a staircase method until the Point of Subjective Equality was reached, that is until visual and running speed were perceived as matching. For both speeds and all FoV conditions, participants underestimated visual speed relative to the actual running speed. However, this underestimation was significant only when the peripheral FoV was masked. These results confirm that the size of the FoV should absolutely be taken into account for the design of treadmill-mediated virtual environments (VEs).

show abstract

“…That is, the same visual flow field will look slower when viewed while walking than while standing and even nonlocomotor rhythmic actions can produce weak reductions in perceived speed of flow [Pelah and Thurell 2001]. This perceptual subtraction has been shown to have the advantage of enhancing perceptual discrimination of expected speeds during walking (those appropriate to walking) [Durgin and Gigone 2004]-at the cost of rendering low visual speeds more difficult to discriminate. There is evidence that these speed subtractions seem to apply more to the flow from distant objects-especially the ground plane [Durgin et al 2005b], though this has not been thoroughly tested.…”

Section: Two Kinds Of Error In Speed Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step frequency and perceived self-motion

Durgin

Reed

Tigue

2007

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a discrepancy between the ability to correctly match the gains of visual and motor speed in virtual reality (VR) when walking on solid ground and the failure of this ability when walking on a treadmill. Moreover, this discrepancy has been found to interact with effects of the structure of the visual environment. The authors used a high-fidelity treadmill VR system to reproduce the high interactivity of normal walking in wide-area VR. Under these conditions, it was found that gain matches in a richly structured near environment differ by only about 10% in treadmill VR from matches in wide-area VR and that trial-to-trial variations in step frequency predicted changes in perceived locomotor speed. Gait differences resulting from treadmill walking (which are shown not to be a product of wearing a head-mounted display), apparently lead to an overestimation of motor speed on treadmills. When the near visual environment represented an empty hallway, additional errors were present that could be accounted for by known illusions in the perception of visual speed during self-motion. A study of normal gait at different speeds measured by head-tracker is reported as evidence of other possible sources of perceptual estimates of locomotor speed in normal walking.

show abstract

Improved visual speed discrimination while walking

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The perception of linear self-motion

The perception of linear self-motion

Influence of the Size of the Field of View on Visual Perception While Running in a Treadmill-Mediated Virtual Environment

Step frequency and perceived self-motion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About