Improved Upper Bound to Product Rate Variation Problem

Abstract

The sequencing problem which minimizes the deviation between the actual (integral) and the ideal (rational) cumulative production of a variety of models of a common base product is called the product rate variation problem. If the objective is to minimize the maximum deviation, the problem is bottleneck product rate variation problem and the problem with the objective of minimizing all the deviations is the total product rate variation problem. The problem has been widely studied with several pseudo-polynomial time exact algorithms and heurism-tics. The lower bound of a feasible solution to the problem has been investigated to be tight. However, the upper bound of a feasible solution had been established in the literature which could further be improved. In this paper, we propose the improved upper bound for BPRVP and TPRVP.

Elderly Migrants and their Socially Isolated Living

“…According to Khadka (2020), many elderly people in Nepal are frequently left alone because their designated caregiver, usually their son, frequently either works overseas or lives apart. The terrible living circumstances that a large number of older people in Nepal experience, seriously compromises both their health and quality of life (Aging Nepal 2022).…”

Senior Citizens in Nepal: Policy Gaps and Recommendations

“…In previous studies, researchers have shed light on the challenges faced by senior citizens in Nepal and the lack of adequate support systems. Khanal (2015) and Khadka (2020) have pointed out that many elderly individuals in Nepal are often left without caretakers as their designated caregiver, typically their son, is frequently either working abroad or living separately. This indicates a significant gap in the provision of care and support for the aging population.…”

“…These challenges are exacerbated by the absence of a caregiver, making life in old age particularly difficult for senior citizens and negatively impacting their overall quality of life. The inadequate response from the government in providing nursing homes or programs for the elderly further emphasizes the urgent need for addressing the needs and concerns of senior citizens in Nepal (Khadka, 2020;Khanal, 2015). This issue becomes more pressing as Nepal's population is transitioning into an aging population, necessitating immediate action to ensure the well-being of the elderly (Feeney et al, 2001;HAI & UNFPA, 2017;Speck & Booker, 2020).…”

“…Moreover, the preference for sons over daughters in Nepali society adds an additional layer of complexity to the support system for the elderly (Acharya, 2019). The changing dynamics of the globalized world, with younger generations seeking economic opportunities abroad, result in aging parents being left behind without adequate care (Khadka, 2020;Tausig & Subedi, 2022). This further emphasizes the need for comprehensive support structures for the elderly.…”