Improved TCT topology for shaded photovoltaic arrays

Oufettoul, Hicham; Motahhir, Saad; Aniba, Ghassane; Masud, Mehedi; AlZain, Mohammed A.

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.04.042

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is one of the main explanations why some PV manufacturers, such as AE-Solar, a German PV manufacturer, attach a bypass diode to each PV cell [161]. One of the recurrent reasons for blown bypass diodes is the increase in their temperature due to long-term shading [162,163]. Also, it was indicated by Bansal et al [87] that those bypass diodes that were exposed to overirradiance, in particular over 1400 Wm −2 , are expected to be blown due to excessive currents.…”

Section: Junction Box and Bypass Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques

Al Mahdi,

Leahy,

Alghoul

et al. 2024

Solar

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With the global increase in the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules in recent years, the need to explore and understand their reported failure mechanisms has become crucial. Despite PV modules being considered reliable devices, failures and extreme degradations often occur. Some degradations and failures within the normal range may be minor and not cause significant harm. Others may initially be mild but can rapidly deteriorate, leading to catastrophic accidents, particularly in harsh environments. This paper conducts a state-of-the-art literature review to examine PV failures, their types, and their root causes based on the components of PV modules (from protective glass to junction box). It outlines the hazardous consequences arising from PV module failures and describes the potential damage they can bring to the PV system. The literature reveals that each component is susceptible to specific types of failure, with some components deteriorating on their own and others impacting additional PV components, leading to more severe failures. Finally, this review briefly summarises PV failure detection techniques, emphasising the significance of electrical characterisation techniques and underlining the importance of considering more electrical parameters. Most importantly, this review identifies the most prevalent degradation processes, laying the foundation for further investigation by the PV research community through modelling and experimental studies. This allows for early detection by comparing PV performance when failures or degradation occur to prevent serious progression. It is worth noting that most of the studies included in this review primarily focus on detailing failures and degradation observed in PV operations, which can be attributed to various factors, including the manufacturing process and other external influences. Hence, they provide explanations of these failure mechanisms and causes but do not extensively explore corrective actions or propose solutions based on either laboratory experiments or real-world experience. Although, within this field of study, there are corresponding studies that have designed experiments to suggest preventive measures and potential solutions, an in-depth review of those studies is beyond the scope of this paper. However, this paper, in turn, serves as a valuable resource for scholars by confining PV failures to critically evaluate available studies for preventative measures and corrective actions.

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Section: Junction Box and Bypass Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure to detect poor bypass diodes may lead to serious safety issues [163,164]. Since bypass diodes are used to avoid PV failures that lead to hotspotting, whenever they fail, the module loses its means of protection, becomes vulnerable, and, in the worst scenario, initiates fire [41,165].…”

Section: Junction Box and Bypass Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques

Al Mahdi,

Leahy,

Alghoul

et al. 2024

Solar

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is one of the main explanations why some PV manufacturers, such as AE-Solar, a German PV Manufacturer, attach a bypass diode to each PV cell [158]. One of the recurrent reasons for blown bypass diodes is the increase in their temperature due to long-term shading [159,160]. Also, it was indicated by Bansal et al [82] that those bypass diodes that were exposed to over irradiance, in particular over 1400 Wm are expected to be blown due to high-flowing currents.…”

Section: Junction Box and Bypass Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure to detect poor bypass diodes may lead to serious safety issues [160,161]. Since bypass diodes are used to avoid PV failures that lead to hot-spotting, whenever they fail, the module loses its means of protection becomes vulnerable and, in the worst scenario, initiates fire [26,162].…”

Section: Junction Box and Bypass Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Photovoltaic Failure and Degradation Mechanisms

Al Mahdi,

Leahy,

Alghoul

et al. 2023

Preprint

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With the global increase of photovoltaic (PV) modules deployment in recent years, the need to explore and realize their reported failure mechanisms has become crucial. Despite PV modules being considered reliable devices, failures and extreme degradations often occur. Some degradations and failures can be minor and cause no critical harm if within the expected range. Others, may start mildly and then deteriorate faster to become catastrophic, especially in harsh environments. This paper conducts a state-of-the-art literature review to scan PV failures, types, and their root cause based on PV’s constructed components (from protective glass to junction-box). It outlines the hazardous consequences beyond PV module failures, describing what harm they can bring to the PV system. As we delve into the literature, it becomes clear that every component is vulnerable to certain types of failures; some can deteriorate within themselves, and others infect further PV components resulting in emerging more severe failures. In the end, the review briefly summarises PV failure detection techniques, emphasising electrical characterization techniques, and disclosing the need to engage more electrical parameters. Most importantly, this review can prepare the stage for the PV research community to identify the most prevalent degradation processes. This, in turn, encourages researchers to investigate them throughout modelling and experimental studies to forecast them at the early onset in order to protect the PV systems from hazardous malfunctions.

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“…As a result, shaded cells provide insufficient power and are constrained to flow the same current as units capable of producing high currents. Thus, the shaded units act as loads rather than generators, increasing the temperature and harming the PV array [25]. Moreover, statistical analysis demonstrated that the annual energy production reduction associated with shadows in residential applications ranged from 10% to 20% [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Performance Analysis of PV Module Positions in a Solar PV Array Under Partial Shading Conditions

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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The irradiation intensity is the primary catalyst for energy production in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Nevertheless, it alleviates partial shading (PS) by inhibiting power production, primarily in habitable metropolitan areas, owing to surrounding objects or high soiling rates, particularly in dry and semi-arid climates. Hence, the PV module's location, orientation, and tilt angle significantly affect its performance and shorten its durability. Thus, this study undertakes a benchmark analysis of the two distinct panel positions' performance using PSIM and MATLAB software simulations and an actual practical test. A visual inspection of a solar power plant in Morocco's Green Energy Park is the origin of the survey concept; it observes that the soil density consistently covers certain PV panel spots. In this context, the solar energy data of an intelligent home deployed in the earlier-mentioned research platform has been deployed to emulate the performance of future buildings challenged with various obstacles. Therefore, the roof-mounted PV system satisfied the home's energy demands. In the first scenario, the PV module is in portrait mode. In the second case, they are in landscape orientation. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that standard PV panels produce more power when arranged in a landscape configuration than in a portrait configuration, exhibiting a discrepancy of up to 1010 Wh for a modest PV system. Finally, this study suggests appropriate orientation and design recommendations for standard and advanced solar modules, mainly those deployed in arid and heavily populated urban regions featuring severe shading constraints.

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Improved TCT topology for shaded photovoltaic arrays

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques

A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques

A Review of Photovoltaic Failure and Degradation Mechanisms

Comparative Performance Analysis of PV Module Positions in a Solar PV Array Under Partial Shading Conditions

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