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Through a series of examples, this study examines how real-time bottomhole data has reduced or mitigated the risks inherent to coiled tubing (CT) applications, leading to safer job execution. A number of tasks such as rigging up, mixing fluids, pumping, and rigging down are part of conventional CT interventions. Each of these tasks has risks associated with it. With the intent of optimizing CT operations, a fiber optic system was developed to enable real-time bottomhole measurements, allowing live monitoring of interventions. By providing real-time downhole intelligence, the technology has provided the means to operate more efficiently and enhanced the service quality and reliability of the CT services. More importantly, it helps optimize or minimize the tasks associated with conventional CT interventions, reducing personnel exposure to many of the risks. By providing a real-time casing collar locator (CCL), performing an extra dummy run is no longer necessary for all depth- critical operations. Reducing the number of runs not only reduces overall operational time, it also reduces personnel exposure to hazards related to these operations. Downhole pressure and temperature sensors have provided positive confirmation of gun detonation on CT perforating applications, reducing the risk of pulling out of hole with live guns. The monitoring of real-time bottomhole pressure provides a safer way to manage pressure by either assessing and obtaining the preferred perforating balance condition or validating the operation of the choke during a cleanout to avoid gas entry and to maintain a better control of the well. In applications such as matrix stimulations, cleanouts, or even nitrogen kickoff, the system has proven beneficial and effective in optimizing treatment volumes, consequently reducing extended cleanouts and associated flow back and flaring. Finally, this study evaluates the process of making informed decisions during execution of a CT job based on real-time downhole critical parameters and their impact on overall HSE performance.
Through a series of examples, this study examines how real-time bottomhole data has reduced or mitigated the risks inherent to coiled tubing (CT) applications, leading to safer job execution. A number of tasks such as rigging up, mixing fluids, pumping, and rigging down are part of conventional CT interventions. Each of these tasks has risks associated with it. With the intent of optimizing CT operations, a fiber optic system was developed to enable real-time bottomhole measurements, allowing live monitoring of interventions. By providing real-time downhole intelligence, the technology has provided the means to operate more efficiently and enhanced the service quality and reliability of the CT services. More importantly, it helps optimize or minimize the tasks associated with conventional CT interventions, reducing personnel exposure to many of the risks. By providing a real-time casing collar locator (CCL), performing an extra dummy run is no longer necessary for all depth- critical operations. Reducing the number of runs not only reduces overall operational time, it also reduces personnel exposure to hazards related to these operations. Downhole pressure and temperature sensors have provided positive confirmation of gun detonation on CT perforating applications, reducing the risk of pulling out of hole with live guns. The monitoring of real-time bottomhole pressure provides a safer way to manage pressure by either assessing and obtaining the preferred perforating balance condition or validating the operation of the choke during a cleanout to avoid gas entry and to maintain a better control of the well. In applications such as matrix stimulations, cleanouts, or even nitrogen kickoff, the system has proven beneficial and effective in optimizing treatment volumes, consequently reducing extended cleanouts and associated flow back and flaring. Finally, this study evaluates the process of making informed decisions during execution of a CT job based on real-time downhole critical parameters and their impact on overall HSE performance.
The Delta Mahakam's geology is characterized by multiple layers of thin, heterogeneous reservoirs separated by a few meters. These wells are traditionally perforated with the conventional wireline method. However, at reservoir porosities less than 11%, perforations yielded less than 60% of flowing probability. With the increase in drilling activity and the number of reservoirs with low porosities, we began to evaluate the effectiveness of perforating these reservoirs with abrasive jets perforation conveyed on coiled tubing (CT).To improve depth accuracy and monitor real-time bottomhole conditions, the abrasive jet perforating tool was run on fiber-optic CT. Pressure measurements inside and outside the coiled tubing enabled the pumping rate of the abrasive fluid to be adjusted as necessary, improving perforating efficiency as well as the GR/CCL reading for the depth correlation.This abrasive perforation method was applied in six different wells in Delta Mahakam field; the design, execution, and evaluation of this method is presented. From the first well to the last, this alternative perforating strategy helped increase reservoir production, improve cost efficiency, and by adding the real time monitoring system on coiled tubing it is proved of reducing the operational time by up to 45%. This method proved to be a viable alternative to wireline-conveyed perforating in the Delta Mahakam field.
Summary In Ecuador, shutoff of an underperforming interval through plug and abandonment (P&A) and perforation of a new interval are traditionally completed with a combination of wireline (WL) and tubing conveyance. An alternative method using enhanced coiled tubing (CT) is presented here; it enables a rigless and efficient workflow that leverages real-time downhole data for on-the-fly optimization. The new workflow relies on CT-conveyed technologies without requiring any additional conveyance methods. CT delivered four different services to start the abandonment by anchoring a 7-in. cast-iron bridge plug (CIBP), complete the abandonment with a low-viscosity cement plug, simulate wellbore dynamics during nitrogen pumping to generate the required underbalanced conditions for perforating, and perforate with a 40-ft ballistic payload of 4 1/2-in. guns. Coupled with real-time downhole telemetry, the enhanced CT workflow provided critical downhole conditions, including fluid levels, accurate depth placement and control, bridge plug setting confirmation, underbalanced conditions, perforating head activation and detonation, and postperforation inflow monitoring. Compared with traditional methods, the enhanced CT workflow introduces several benefits toward completing P&A of old intervals and perforation of new ones. These benefits include enabling a rigless workover (WO) intervention, eliminating the need and cost of a WO rig, reducing operational duration by 13%, and potentially reducing asset footprint and field crews by 95 and 70%, respectively. Elimination of a WO rig reduces environmental impact and the number of personnel on location (i.e., risk). The workflow also extends the reach and efficiency of the service in horizontal wells, enables underbalanced perforation, and delivers actionable real-time downhole data. These data elevate traditional P&A workflows and create a step change in efficiency. First, they allow tracking key downhole parameters that help guarantee a reliable operation of each of the tools and services. Second, they provide insights into the actual downhole conditions throughout the intervention to enable the operator and the field crews to make on-the-fly decisions to deliver a safe and optimal service. Those decisions may include fine-tuning the prescribed treatment or extending the scope of the intervention by leveraging the CT’s pump-through capabilities to maximize well performance and meet, or exceed, the operator’s objectives. The innovative combination of real-time telemetry with abandonment and perforating technologies proved a step change in operational efficiency and range, fueled by the quantity and quality of data recorded during the operation. This case study also marks the first documented perforation with 4 1/2-in. guns with fiber-optic real-time downhole telemetry. Furthermore, the integrated, rigless solution provides operators with an opportunity to extend their WO activity pipeline and free up their WO fleet for other activities.
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