“…Mortality in critically ill PCP patients remains high, with recent estimates of 29 to 62% for PCP patients admitted to intensive care (48,65,152,221,250). Factors associated with increased mortality risk in critically ill patients with PCP include higher age, lower serum albumin, need for mechanical ventilation, development of a pneumothorax, greater alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and lower hemoglobin (2,79,92,150,208,221,250,313). Some studies have reported that a lower CD4 ϩ cell count is associated with a greater mortality, but not all cohorts have replicated this result (79,92,150,250).…”