Improved Stress Estimation with Machine Learning and Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Abstract

Background Due to the acoustoelastic effect, ultrasonic guided waves have been used to estimate mechanical stress in a cheap and nondestructive fashion. Machine learning has been applied to map complex waveforms to stress estimates, though important aspects to construct and deploy real-time monitoring systems, such as accuracy and hardware consumption, to date, have not been concomitantly explored. Objective The goal of the present paper is to propose a data modeling methodology that optimizes accuracy and computational implementation, towards devising the best practices for real-time ultrasonic-based stress estimation. Methods We evaluate shallow and deep learning models with dimensionality reduction, which are compared to the most recent work showing overall better results for the approach presented herein both in terms of accuracy and hardware resources consumption. We generated a dataset to evaluate the models on a test rig with a plate measuring (i) ultrasonic guided waves excited by broadband signals and (ii) different stress conditions. The models are created and tested using a Monte-Carlo hold-out procedure with a repeated k-fold randomized hyperparameter search to evaluate their robustness in different stress conditions. ResultsWe dramatically improve the current state of the art by proposing and evaluating a more efficient model construction procedure. Results show that by using shallow models and principal component analysis, we were able to improve the model performance in terms of predictive power and inference hardware consumption. Specifically, we obtained an accuracy improvement of about 10% and hardware consumption used for inference smaller in three orders of magnitude when compared to the state-of-the-art reported with deep neural network models. Conclusions Results herein depicted impact the way practitioners may proceed for building efficient embedded predictive models for stress estimation using guided waves, enabling more precise, decentralized, and real-time nondestructive monitoring.

Data-Driven Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation of Pipes and Welds in the Context of the Oil and Gas Industry

“…Therefore, the task is error-prone and timeconsuming, especially when there is plenty of data to evaluate [45]. Automatic ultrasonic flaw classification systems are strongly needed, and ML, as a pattern recognition method, has been successfully employed to solve the challenges of interpreting ultrasonic data [46,47,48,49,50].…”