Improved Stimulation Effectiveness of Water Injectors Using Coiled Tubing with Fluidic Oscillator-——Case Studies from a Major North Kuwait Field

Bhagavatula, Ramkamal; Al-Ajmi, Moudi; Rajagopalan, V. S.; Hamad, A. M. Al; Mofti, Mohamed

doi:10.2118/175203-ms

All Days 2015

DOI: 10.2118/175203-ms

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Improved Stimulation Effectiveness of Water Injectors Using Coiled Tubing with Fluidic Oscillator-——Case Studies from a Major North Kuwait Field

Ramkamal Bhagavatula

Moudi Al-Ajmi

V. S. Rajagopalan

et al.

Abstract: Water injectors typically suffer from injectivity decline attributed to near wellbore (NWB) damage typically caused by variation in injected water quality, pores plugging caused by scale precipitation, and fines migration. Conventional stimulation treatments to improve injectivity are conducted with coiled tubing (CT) to enhance fluid placement. However, this often sacrifices stimulation effectiveness because of the relatively low fluid penetration into the formation compared to bullheading treatment. The net … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Chemical Stimulation Pilot at a Heavy-Oil Field: Key Considerations, Workflow, and Results

Gutiérrez

Bonilla

Gil

et al. 2017

Day 2 Thu, February 16, 2017

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This paper presents the planning and execution process for a key matrix stimulation pilot project performed in the heavy-oil Chichimene field in the central Colombian province of Meta. An understanding of multiple aspects of formation damage, candidate well selection, laboratory testing, treatment fluid selection, onsite quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), diversion considerations, and placement techniques was fundamental to achieving a successful treatment design. Results are presented in terms of a percentage increase in production rates, percentage decrease in decline rates, and skin value reduction. Because of current oil and gas industry economics, it is crucial to evaluate the return on investment for any well intervention campaign and apply an assurance process to help quantify the desired improvement in production results. This approach is primarily based on a workflow that includes several key steps: understanding the nature of and characterizing formation damage, reviewing necessary laboratory testing, validating candidate well selection, determining economically viable placement and diversion techniques, and performing QA/QC on site and post-treatment. Production results from the first five pilot wells are presented along with a review of the production decline and continuous improvement actions. Understanding the induced damage that can be caused by drilling operations, heavy-oil properties, and the potential for emulsion and wettability alteration, in addition to the need to ensure total fluid-fluid compatibility combined with low interfacial tensions (IFTs), can be crucial to achieving results above initial estimates. Aligned with current critical well intervention economics, a rigless operation with coiled tubing (CT) through the Y-tool of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) was selected instead of a traditional intervention with a workover (WO) rig. Because of long treatment intervals and large permeability variations, stages of foamed brine were included in the treatment schedule as a diversion method. A tuned frequency and amplitude tool was used to enhance the placement and effectiveness of the treatment as part of a CT bottomhole assembly (BHA). QA/QC sampling was valuable for treatment monitoring and enhancement. This paper presents a valuable basis for future candidate well selection and stimulation treatment design. The workflow and its application are a good reference for analogue fields in Colombia and other areas.

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Chemical Stimulation Pilot at a Heavy-Oil Field: Key Considerations, Workflow, and Results

Gutiérrez

Bonilla

Gil

et al. 2017

Day 2 Thu, February 16, 2017

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Reliable Carbonate Stimulation Using Distributed Temperature Sensing Diagnostics and Real-Time Fiber-Optic Coiled Tubing Intervention in Kuwait

Santin

Matar

Montes

et al. 2018

Day 3 Thu, October 25, 2018

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Injection profile enhancement has been one of the primary objectives for an operator in Kuwait. Stimulation interventions in injector wells directly affect the enhancement of oil recovery in producer wells. This paper presents the application of a verifiable stimulation intervention in a water injector well to help achieve the operator's objectives. The intervention presented several challenges. There was limited information available for the newly drilled carbonate formation under consideration in the Greater Burgan Field. Additionally, the fiberglass well tubing required significant attention before running in hole (RIH) with coiled tubing (CT). A high concentration of H2S was identified in Formation A; therefore, gas returns were also a potential issue. This paper discusses the methods used to help address these challenges. During this case study, real-time fiber-optic cable CT (RTFOCT) technology was applied in the fiberglass tubing injector well to determine initial well injection profile and adjust treatment accordingly. This technology includes a fiber-optic cable integrated into the CT pipe and a modular sensing bottomhole assembly (BHA). RTFOCT technology allows for rigless operations and performs interval diagnostics, stimulation treatment, and evaluation in a single CT run. During this case study, the well injectivity increased by more than 100%. Diagnostics and evaluation were performed by analyzing the well thermal profile using fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS). The BHA helped ensure accurate fluid placement during the treatment using real-time pressure, temperature, and depth-correlation sensors. The RTFOCT technology provided real-time downhole information that was used to analyze reservoir parameters, help ensure accurate fluid placement, and enable quick and smart decisions regarding the stimulation treatment stages based on the fluid intake in different zones. During injection, the heterogeneous fluid flow became homogeneous along the interval confirmed with the thermal-hydraulic model (THM). This helped reliably complete the intervention operations and delay possible water breakthrough in the producer wells and extended reservoir recovery.

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Development of Practical, Operations-Focused Training Curriculum for Acid Stimulation

Fuller

Gomez-Nava

Williams

et al. 2022

Day 1 Wed, February 23, 2022

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For nearly every producing field worldwide, acid stimulation is a type of intervention that is critical to longevity in production (or injection) for those wells. However, compared to other completions/intervention operations (e.g., cementing and hydraulic fracturing), several deficiencies have been identified in the historical training curriculum for acid stimulation. Legacy acid stimulation training is largely focused on the basic aspects of matrix stimulation, excluding many practical and contemporary topics. The current work details the development of an innovative, operations-focused training program for acid stimulation intended to augment historical training. To commission the development of new stimulation training curriculum, stakeholders from operations, management, and the technical function (subject matter experts) brainstormed the most critical needs for practical training that would add value to operations beyond current internal/external training material. From this, customized training material was built that includes new focus areas including a) Mature well stimulation: workflows were developed to prioritize likely types of damage that cause productivity/injectivity decline based on existing well data. These workflows led to further training regarding damage-focused stimulation design (rather than pure matrix/mineralogy-based design), to optimize stimulation/fluid selection to target specific damage in mature producers. b) Complex well stimulation: this includes customized training material related to stimulation of existing sand control completions, infant wells (unproduced), and laminated carbonate/sandstone pay zones. c) Operational considerations: this new training material addressed operational best practices including topics on specialized placement methods; on-site QA; and interpretation of pressure data (during stimulation). d) Practical experience: the last aspect of the new training material includes students designing acid stimulation treatments for real candidate wells. The new operations-focused training material was piloted with several operations teams in 1-week intensive sessions, following the first week of (existing) basic acid stimulation training. This training (deployed both in-person and remotely) was well received by both the operations management and the students, who noted the enhanced relevance of the new curriculum to the production enhancement plans for the wells for which they are responsible. Additionally, the interactive team-activities to design stimulation programs for challenging wells (challenging mineralogy and existing sand control completions, multiple damage mechanisms, and wellbore mechanical obstructions) helped to improve acidizing designs for actual candidate wells through feedback from other students and class mentors. This work highlights the development and implementation of new training curriculum for acid stimulation design and execution, developed to improve the practical skills of production engineers and operations teams that design acid stimulation operations. Deployment of this new curriculum will help to improve the probability of success in acidizing some of the most challenging well conditions.

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Improved Stimulation Effectiveness of Water Injectors Using Coiled Tubing with Fluidic Oscillator-——Case Studies from a Major North Kuwait Field

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Chemical Stimulation Pilot at a Heavy-Oil Field: Key Considerations, Workflow, and Results

Chemical Stimulation Pilot at a Heavy-Oil Field: Key Considerations, Workflow, and Results

Reliable Carbonate Stimulation Using Distributed Temperature Sensing Diagnostics and Real-Time Fiber-Optic Coiled Tubing Intervention in Kuwait

Development of Practical, Operations-Focused Training Curriculum for Acid Stimulation

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