Improved Sensor Reduction Method in Modular Multilevel Converters With Open-Loop Controller Based on Arms Energy Estimation

Baagheri-Hashkavayi, Mohammad; Barakati, Masoud; Yousofi-Darmian, Saeed; Barahouei, Vahid

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2022.3165474

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Even though these methods eliminated all sensors, they did not account for the extra properties in Table 4. One of the latest articles that reduce the number of voltage and current sensors, and with three sensors, adds Table 4 features to a converter is Bagheri‐Hashkavayi et al 45 This method incorporates several features into the MMC despite fewer sensors, and by employing a 500‐Hz switching frequency, it can be extended to a three‐phase structure. In this study, an improved method is used to eliminate the MMC's current sensors, and future work will likely address the addition of innovative features to this sensor configuration based on a three‐phase structure.…”

Section: The Proposed Methods Of MMC Arm Voltage Balancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method to sub‐module voltage balancing in modular multilevel converters with two voltage sensors

Hashkavayi

Barakati

Torabi

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Summary The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an innovative structure that has expanded the usage of multilevel converters (MLCs) in the electrical industry. Since the MMC initially required a large number of sensors to manage the capacitor voltages, various studies have been done to reduce their number to improve the converter's reliability and reduce construction costs. In this paper's proposed method, merely two voltage sensors are used to balance the converter's capacitor voltages, and voltages are estimated using the exponentially weighted recursive least square (RLS) method in each sampling time. Also, the estimated voltages are sorted according to the capacitor current sign determined by the voltage sensors, and the current sensors are entirely eliminated. Furthermore, three cases for compensating the capacitor estimated voltages are presented, and the last case proposes the sub‐module force algorithm (SFA) for system protection. The efficacy of the proposed method has been assessed via simulation and experimental implementations.

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Section: The Proposed Methods Of MMC Arm Voltage Balancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method to sub‐module voltage balancing in modular multilevel converters with two voltage sensors

Hashkavayi

Barakati

Torabi

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been applied in the field of mediumvoltage and high-voltage applications [1,2]. In the MMC, a number of submodules are connected to comprise each arm, where a number of voltage levels are synthesized and the superior harmonic performance of the output waveforms is realized [3,4]. The advantages of the MMC include scalability, high efficiency, low harmonic content and low voltage stress [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Capacitance Monitoring Strategy Based on Offset Error Compensation for Modular Multilevel Converters

Jiang,

Deng,

et al. 2024

Energies

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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a research hotspot in medium-voltage and high-voltage applications. The measurement offset error would cause an increase in the monitoring error of the submodule (SM) capacitance of the MMC, affecting the estimation accuracy of the SM capacitance monitoring. This paper proposes a capacitor monitoring strategy based on the offset error compensation, where two reasonable capacitor monitoring periods are selected in one fundamental period under the proposed voltage-balancing control (VBC) based on the virtual capacitor voltage (VCV) to compensate for the offset error impact on the capacitance monitoring. The proposed strategy can effectively eliminate the offset error impact on the capacitance monitoring, which ensures the accuracy of the SM capacitance monitoring in the MMCs. The effectiveness of the proposed monitoring strategy is confirmed by the simulations and experiments.

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“…All the above capacitor voltage balancing control strategies need to use specialized sensors, leading to a cost increase for capacitor voltage balancing control. For this purpose, Kalman filtering [18], state observer [19], and the online estimation of arm currents [20] are implemented to predict the arm currents. In addition, SM capacitor voltage balancing has been achieved by changing the SM topology, for instance, by adding diodes between neighboring SMs to form a self-homogenizing circuit [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control of MMC Sub-Module Based on Neural Network Prediction

Xi,

Tian,

Fan

2024

Electronics

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The issue of sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage unbalance is a hot topic in the current research into the modular multilevel converter (MMC). An excellent strategy comprises mitigating the SM capacitor voltage imbalance by adjusting the SM on time. The traditional capacitor voltage balancing control regulates the speed to maintain accuracy. A unique SM capacitor voltage balancing control strategy is presented in this paper and is based on conventional capacitor voltage balance management and neural network prediction. Firstly, the SM capacitor voltage and arm current are speculated by operating the time series forecasting technique in real time, considering the dynamic changes in the SM capacitor voltage and arm current. Secondly, the SM capacitor voltage distinction between the actual and theoretical value is determined, and a deviation’s mixed Gaussian distribution is established to estimate its compensation voltage. Thirdly, the SM triggering sequence is anticipated by using the neural network along with the pilot values of the SM capacitor voltage, arm current, and the offset compensation value, and the control is executed. Finally, a three-phase, six-leg, eight-module, nine-level MMC model is built to verify the feasibility of the suggested approach.

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Improved Sensor Reduction Method in Modular Multilevel Converters With Open-Loop Controller Based on Arms Energy Estimation

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

An improved method to sub‐module voltage balancing in modular multilevel converters with two voltage sensors

An improved method to sub‐module voltage balancing in modular multilevel converters with two voltage sensors

A Capacitance Monitoring Strategy Based on Offset Error Compensation for Modular Multilevel Converters

Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control of MMC Sub-Module Based on Neural Network Prediction

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