Improved Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Subtype B Plasma Viral Load Assay

Damond, Florence; Collin, Gilles; Descamps, Diane; Matheron, Sophie; Pueyo, Sophie; Taïeb, Audrey; Campa, Pauline; Bénard, Antoine; Chêne, Geneviève; Brun‐Vézinet, Françoise

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.8.4234-4236.2005

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The aim of this work was to develop a quantitative assay that takes into account both the low viral load seen in most HIV-2-infected patients and the broad genetic diversity of HIV-2, especially group B (13,19,20). In addition, as most cases of HIV-2 infection occur in West Africa, such a test must be easy to implement in developing countries, as previously achieved with the generic HIV-1 viral load assay marketed by Biocentric.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One hundred plasma samples from HIV-2-infected patients (n ϭ 100) included in the French National HIV-2 Cohort (ANRS CO5) were selected according to the viral genotype and the HIV-2 RNA concentration, as determined with our current in-house technique (13). Among these patients, 51% were treated by antiretrovirals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forward and reverse primers for the LTR region are 5=-TCTTTAAGCAAGCAAGCGT GG-3= and 5=-AGCAGGTAGAGCCTGGGTGTT-3=, respectively (28), with a new internal probe (5=-FAM-CTTGGCCGGYRCTGGGCAGA-BHQ1-3= [FAM, carboxyfluorescein; BHQ1, black hole quencher 1]) to optimize efficiency for HIV-2 group B. The forward and reverse primers for the gag region are F3 (5=-GCGCGAGAAACTCCGTCTTG-3=) and R1 (5=-TTCGCTGCCCACACAATATGTT-3=), respectively (13), and the internal HIV-2 TaqMan gag probe is S65GAG2 (5=-FAM-TAGGTTACGG CCCGGCGGAAAGA-BHQ1-3= (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium) (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high genetic diversity of HIV-2, with 9 groups designated A to I, of which only groups A and B are epidemic, also represents an obstacle to accurate viral load quantification (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Previous studies showed that group B viruses are particularly difficult to quantify (13,19,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In-house assays are therefore widely used (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The ACHI E V 2E international collaboration on HIV-2 infection showed that plasma HIV-2 RNA values vary considerably between laboratories (19,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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New Sensitive One-Step Real-Time Duplex PCR Method for Group A and B HIV-2 RNA Load

et al. 2014

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. Analytic performances were determined in three laboratories. Clinical performances were evaluated on 100 plasma samples from HIV-2-infected patients (groups A, B, and H) by comparison with the assay currently used for the ANRS HIV-2 cohort. The specificity was 100%. Sensitivity was 50 copies/ml (cp/ml) and was optimized to 10 cp/ml. The within-run coefficients of variation in the three laboratories varied from 0.54% to 1.61% at 4 log 10 copies/ml and from 7.24% to 14.32% at 2 log 10 cp/ml. The between-run coefficients of variation varied from 2.28% to 6.43%. Of the 39 clinical samples below 2 log 10 in the current assay, the new test improved the detection or quantification of 17 samples, including eight group B samples. For quantifiable samples, similar loads were obtained with the two assays for group A samples. The median difference between the two assays for group B samples was ؉0.18 but with greater heterogeneity than for group A. The HIV-2 group H sample had similar results with the two assays. This new assay is highly sensitive and accurately quantifies the most prevalent HIV-2 groups. This test will be useful for monitoring low viral loads in HIV-2-infected patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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New Sensitive One-Step Real-Time Duplex PCR Method for Group A and B HIV-2 RNA Load

et al. 2014

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Performance of rapid tests for discrimination between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections

et al. 2015

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Major differences exist between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of epidemiology, pathogenicity, sensitivity to antiretrovirals. Determining the type of HIV infecting a patient is essential for management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of simple/rapid tests to differentiate between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections. We analyzed 116 samples from patients infected with HIV-1 (n = 61), HIV-2 (n = 47), or HIV-1+HIV-2 (n = 8) at the chronic stage of infection. Each sample was tested with SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2 (WB), Genie III HIV-1/HIV-2, ImmunoComb HIV1&2 BiSpot. HIV-1, or HIV-2 single infection was identified with a sensitivity ranging from 90% to 100%. The ability to detect dual infection was less sensitive (12.5-100%). SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2, and Genie III were unable to detect HIV-1 group O infection in one, one and two cases, respectively. The specificity of detection of HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1+HIV-2 antibodies differed greatly (36-100%). ImmunoComb BiSpot had the highest sensitivity values (99-100% for HIV-1, 98% for HIV-2, and 75-87.5% for dual infection) and specificity values (94-100% for HIV-1, 100% for HIV-2, and 97-100% for dual infection). In conclusion, this study showed that no single rapid test had a perfect sensitivity/specificity ratio, particularly in the case of the double infections.

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HIV-1 viral diversity and its implications for viral load testing: review of current platforms

Luft

Gill

Church

2011

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The 2008 Recommendations for care of the International AIDS Society reaffirmed the importance of both accurate and sensitive viral load assessment, and by necessity, access to viral load assays. HIV-1 viral load testing is considered essential when initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), when monitoring ART response, and when considering switching ART regimens. The demand for accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective viral load assays is therefore a global issue. Although the North American and Western European experience has historically been with HIV-1 group M subtype B virus, this paradigm is changing rapidly as migrants and refugees from developing countries with non-B subtype infections often now present for care in the developed world, and travelers to developing countries acquire non-B subtype infection abroad and present for care at home. Awareness of any clinical or laboratory differences between the common HIV-1 group M subtype B and the newer HIV-1 strains being seen in practice is therefore increasingly important. This review of current HIV-1 viral load testing is focused on the potential value of a standardized genotype assignment for HIV-1 viral subtypes, regular monitoring of the performance of available commercial HIV viral load assays on emerging non-B HIV subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs), and a discussion of the implications for resource-limited settings.

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Improved Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Subtype B Plasma Viral Load Assay

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

New Sensitive One-Step Real-Time Duplex PCR Method for Group A and B HIV-2 RNA Load

New Sensitive One-Step Real-Time Duplex PCR Method for Group A and B HIV-2 RNA Load

Performance of rapid tests for discrimination between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections

HIV-1 viral diversity and its implications for viral load testing: review of current platforms

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