Improved Sensing of Capsaicin with TiO₂ Nanoparticles Modified Epoxy Graphite Electrode

Abstract

The presented research focuses on the electrochemical determination of capsaicin, a lipophilic alkaloid which originates hotness in chili peppers. An electrochemical sensor based on epoxy‐graphite composite with the modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is developed for the determination of this alkaloid. The measurements were carried out in glycine buffer at pH 2.5 using cyclic voltammetry. Two linear concentration ranges were obtained from 6 to 75 μM (R=0.99) and from 12 to 138 μM, with a detection limit of 5.34 μM and 11.3 μM capsaicin, for 1st and 2nd oxidation peak, respectively. The main advantage of developed sensor is its repeatability and robustness against fouling; the relative standard deviation (RSD) value was 2.53 % (n=10). This voltammetric sensing procedure has successfully been applied to quantify capsaicin in various real samples such as hot chili sauce and pharmaceutical preparations.

Genetic Regulation, Environmental Cues, and Extraction Methods for Higher Yield of Secondary Metabolites in Capsicum

“…257 Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry methods have employed an epoxy-graphite electrode modified with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles for determination of capsaicin in chilibased food preparations that offered minimum detection limits of 5.34 and 11.3 μM for two oxidation peaks. 258 Another method based on ionic liquid-coated graphene-titania-Nafion GCE displayed more than 93% recovery and a detection limit of 3.17 × 10 −9 M for capsaicin in "Chungyang pepper". 259 Titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene) titania-Nafion composite film could detect capsaicinoids as low as 25 nM in pepper samples using adsorptive stripping on the GCE.…”

Optimization of Sensors to be Used in a Voltammetric Electronic Tongue Based on Clustering Metrics

“…Prussian blue is well-known to be an electron mediator in the development of many biosensors, which has also been used in the development of ETs [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The usage of nanoparticles has emerged as an alternative to the respective bulk metals given its higher surface/mass ratio and improved electrochemical properties [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. Similarly, conducting polymers such as polypyrrole have electrocatalytic and antifouling properties [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], while phthalocyanines are reported to be efficient electrocatalysts in the determination of many important inorganic, organic, or biological compounds [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Review—Novel Trends in the Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds Commonly Found in Topical Treatments using Electrochemical Sensing Approaches

“…The proposed sensor showed an anti-fouling effect when applied in food and pharmaceutical samples. 22 Using a bare GCE, Moreno and co-authors obtained comparable sensitivity equivalent to more tedious procedures in testing capsaicin concentrations in pepper extracts, in concurrent determination with ascorbic acid. 23 Jerga et al produced and tested a phospholipid modified GCE (PLMGCE).…”