Improved Sap Flow Gauge for Woody and Herbaceous Plants

Steinberg, Susan; Bavel, C. H. M. van; McFarland, Marshall J.

doi:10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200040037x

Cited by 110 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Transpiration of a T. distichum sapling was unrelated to Q o above 200 µmol m -2 s -1 (Steinberg et al 1990). Given the low LAI in this, as in many other T. distichum stands (Brown 1981), light at the bottom of the canopy is about 260 µmol m -2 s -1 when Q o =500 µmol m -2 s -1 .…”

Section: Daytime Responses Of G S To E L Q O and Dmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Sensitivity of mean canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit in a flooded Taxodium distichum L. forest: hydraulic and non-hydraulic effects

et al. 2001

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We measured the xylem sap flux in 64-yearold Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard trees growing in a flooded forest using Granier-type sensors to estimate mean canopy stomatal conductance of the stand (G S ). Temporal variations in G S were investigated in relation to variation in vapor pressure deficit (D), photosynthetic photon flux density (Q o ), and the transpiration rate per unit of leaf area (E L ), the latter variable serving as a proxy for plant water potential. We found that G S was only weakly related to Q o below 500 µmol m -2 s -1 (r 2 =0.29), but unrelated to Q o above this value. Above Q o =500 µmol m -2 s -1 and D=0.6 kPa, G S decreased linearly with increasing E L with a poor fit (r 2 =0.31), and linearly with lnD with a much better fit (r 2 =0.81). The decrease of G S with lnD was at a rate predicted based on a simple hydraulic model in which stomata regulate the minimum leaf water potential. Based on the hydraulic model, stomatal sensitivity to D is proportional to stomatal conductance at low D. A hurricane caused an ~41% reduction in leaf area. This resulted in a 28% increase in G S at D=1 kPa (G Sref ), indicating only partial compensation. As predicted, the increase in G Sref after the hurricane was accompanied by a similar increase in stomatal sensitivity to D (29%). At night, G Sref was 20% of the daytime value under non-limiting light (Q o >500 µmol m -2 s -1 ). However, stomatal sensitivity to D decreased only to ~46% (both reductions referenced to prehurricane daytime values), thus having more than twice the sensitivity expected based on hydraulic considerations alone. Therefore, non-hydraulic processes must cause heightened nighttime stomatal sensitivity to D.

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Section: Daytime Responses Of G S To E L Q O and Dmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nighttime transpiration in a solitary sapling of T. distichum has been shown to have a similar pattern as air temperature, and thus D (Steinberg et al 1990). We therefore searched the nighttime record for data that Fig.…”

Section: Nighttime Responses Of G S To Dmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sensitivity of mean canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit in a flooded Taxodium distichum L. forest: hydraulic and non-hydraulic effects

et al. 2001

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“…F s was calculated from the raw data according to the standard procedure for SHB sensors as previously described in detail (Baker & van Bavel, 1987; Sakuratani, 1981, 1984; Steinberg, van Bavel, & McFarland, 1990). The low‐temperature cut‐off filter and the high flow filter were applied as described in the manufacturer's manual (Dynagage sap flow sensors manual, Dynamax Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic variation in transpiration of coppiced poplar during the third rotation of a short‐rotation bio‐energy culture

et al. 2018

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The productivity of short‐rotation coppice (SRC) plantations with poplar (Populus spp.) strongly depends on soil water availability, which limits the future development of its cultivation, and makes the study of the transpirational water loss particularly timely under the ongoing climate change (more frequent drought and floods). This study assesses the transpiration at different scales (leaf, tree and stand) of four poplar genotypes belonging to different species and from a different genetic background grown under an SRC regime. Measurements were performed for an entire growing season during the third year of the third rotation in a commercial scale multigenotype SRC plantation in Flanders (Belgium). Measurements at leaf level were performed on specific days with a contrasted evaporative demand, temperature and incoming shortwave radiation and included stomatal conductance, stem and leaf water potential. Leaf transpiration and leaf hydraulic conductance were obtained from these measurements. To determine the transpiration at the tree level, single‐stem sap flow using the stem heat balance (SHB) method and daily stem diameter variations were measured during the entire growing season. Sap flow‐based canopy transpiration (E c), seasonal dry biomass yield, and water use efficiency (WUE; g aboveground dry matter/kg water transpired) of the four poplar genotypes were also calculated. The genotypes had contrasting physiological responses to environmental drivers and to soil conditions. Sap flow was tightly linked to the phenological stage of the trees and to the environmental variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit). The total E c for the 2016 growing season was of 334, 350, 483 and 618 mm for the four poplar genotypes, Bakan, Koster, Oudenberg and Grimminge, respectively. The differences in physiological traits and in transpiration of the four genotypes resulted in different responses of WUE.

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“…One, the constant stem heat balance method, was first applied to small herbaceous plants by Sakuratani (1981;1984), and subsequently developed and commercialized for application to stems with diameters ranging from 2 to 125 mm (Baker and Van Bavel, 1987;Steinberg et al, 1990). Briefly, the mass flow rate of water in the stem is obtained by balancing the fluxes of constant heat into, and out of, a stem segment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, the mass flow rate of water in the stem is obtained by balancing the fluxes of constant heat into, and out of, a stem segment. This method is now widely used to study the effects of environmental factors on water flows in herbaceous stems (e.g., Baker and Van Bavel, 1987;Sakuratani, 1981;Senock and Ham, 1995) and in woody stems and roots (e.g., Coners and Leuschner, 2002;Steinberg et al, 1990;Wiltshire et al, 1995). Such measurements are reported to be generally within approximately ±10%, on a daily basis, of transpiration measurements obtained by weighing methods (Weibel and de Vos, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation du flux de sève à partir du bilan thermique de la tige de plants de Quercus robur L. en relation avec l’intensité de la lumière : comparaison de deux méthodes au cours de la phase d’installation

Löf¹,

Welander²

2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Knowledge of whole tree seedling water fluxes is important in ecological and forestry research, especially under conditions with low transpiration, but no standard method has yet been established that provides reliable in situ measurements.• The aims were: (1) to assess the performance of two methods for estimating sap-flows in oak seedlings following planting by correlating the data they provided with natural light intensities over a three-week period, and (2) to compare the estimates with transpiration data obtained by weighing pots.• Estimates of sap flows obtained from data provided by constant power (Dayau-type) heat balance gauges under low light conditions (100-450 μmol m −2 s −1 ) were less variable than estimates from variable power (EMS-type) heat balance gauges. The EMS-type system yielded data with little between-gauge variation, but consistently underestimated transpiration on a daily basis, a systematic error that should be corrected by other methods. The Dayau-type gauges yielded data with substantial variations, and several gauges are probably needed in research to cover these variations. Further, both systems provide rather uncertain estimates of short-time (hour) transpiration rates.• However, provided that these considerations are taken into account, we conclude that it should be possible to use either system in various research contexts. Mots-clés :racines / flux de sève / transpiration / bilan hydrique / relations hydriques Résumé -Estimation du flux de sève à partir du bilan thermique de la tige de plants de Quercus robur L. en relation avec l'intensité de la lumière : comparaison de deux méthodes au cours de la phase d'installation.• La connaissance des flux d'eau de l'arbre entier est importante dans la recherche en écologie et en foresterie, en particulier dans des conditions de faible transpiration, mais jusqu'à présent, aucune méthode standard ne procure des mesures fiables in situ.• Les objectifs étaient : (1) d'évaluer la performance de deux méthodes d'estimation des flux de sève en suivant une plantation de semis de chêne et en corrélant les données fournies par ces dernières avec les intensités de lumière naturelle sur une période de trois semaines, et (2) de comparer les estimations de transpiration avec des données obtenues par pesée des pots.• Les estimations de flux de sève obtenues à partir des données fournies par une alimentation constante (Dayau-type) des jauges de bilan thermique sous des conditions de faible luminosité (100-450 μmol m −2 s −1 ) sont moins variables que les estimations des jauges de bilan thermique à puissance variable (EMS-type). Le système EMS-type a fourni des données avec peu de variation entre les jauges, mais a toujours sous-estimé la transpiration sur une base quotidienne, une erreur systéma-tique qui doit être corrigé par d'autres méthodes. Les jauges de type Dayau ont fourni des données avec des variations importantes, et plusieurs jauges sont probablement nécessaires pour la compré-hension de ces variations. En outre, les deux systèmes ...

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Improved Sap Flow Gauge for Woody and Herbaceous Plants

Cited by 110 publications

References 3 publications

Sensitivity of mean canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit in a flooded Taxodium distichum L. forest: hydraulic and non-hydraulic effects

Sensitivity of mean canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit in a flooded Taxodium distichum L. forest: hydraulic and non-hydraulic effects

Genotypic variation in transpiration of coppiced poplar during the third rotation of a short‐rotation bio‐energy culture

Estimation du flux de sève à partir du bilan thermique de la tige de plants de Quercus robur L. en relation avec l’intensité de la lumière : comparaison de deux méthodes au cours de la phase d’installation

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