Improved salt imaging in a basin context by high resolution potential field data: Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea

Stadtler, Christopher; Fichler, Christine; Hokstad, Ketil; Myrlund, Eva Andrea; Wienecke, Susann; Fotland, B.

doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12101

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This implies that Carboniferous proto‐Atlantic rifting and basin formation extended far to the northeast (NPD, ), although the corresponding basins decrease in size. However, we find no indications for evaporites and salt tectonics within the Olga Basin as evident in the Nordkapp and Tiddlybanken Basins and across the Kong Karl Platform (Nilsen et al, ; NPD, ; Stadtler et al, ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Widespread mid‐Carboniferous rifting resulted in subsidence of the Nordkapp and Hammerfest Basins and initiated the Fingerdjupet Subbasin and Bjørnøya Basin (Anell et al, , ). Some of these basins were filled with extensive salt deposits that were mobilized in Triassic times due to differential loading or thin‐skin extension (Breivik et al, ; Faleide et al, ; Gudlaugsson et al, ; Nilsen et al, ; Perez‐Garcia et al, ; Stadtler et al, ). A small NE‐SW striking half‐graben is interpreted below the Sentralbanken High in the easternmost part of profile BGR2015–105 (Figure ) as also mapped by the NPD ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the Late Carboniferous global sea level rise graben structures were successively flooded, accompanied by deposition of evaporites. Salt deposits in the, for example, Nordkapp and Tromsø Basins, are imaged by seismic data, supported by gravity and magnetic data, and most likely were mobilized during Triassic times (Breivik et al, ; Faleide et al, ; Gernigon et al, ; Gudlaugsson et al, ; Perez‐Garcia et al, ; Smelror et al, ; Stadtler et al, ). Horst structures were transgressed during the Late Carboniferous and widespread carbonate platforms developed (Dallmann et al, ) until early Permian times.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The Paleozoic Evolution of the Olga Basin Region, Northern Barents Sea: A Link to the Timanian Orogeny

Klitzke

Franke

Ehrhardt

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The evolution of the Olga Basin region in the northern Norwegian Barents Sea and its relation to the Caledonian and Timanian orogenies is poorly understood due to sparse geophysical data and the lack of well control. In 2015, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) acquired deep multichannel seismic lines as well as gravity and magnetic data. The new seismic data reveal that the Olga and Sørkapp Basins evolved as a W-E striking half-graben system along a major normal fault in the north and a smaller normal fault in the south, respectively. Deep crustal undulating high-amplitude reflections below the Olga and Sørkapp Basins coincide with W-E striking local magnetic maxima and may imply that the basins evolved on top of old collisional fabrics. The absence of major compressional deformation implies a post-Caledonian onset of subsidence. The W-E structural configuration of the sedimentary basins is difficult to reconcile with an earlier proposed NE striking Caledonian branch in the northern Barents Sea. Instead, the orientation of the Olga and Sørkapp Basins lines up with Timanian structural trends from the Pechora Basin. We propose that the Olga and Sørkapp Basins experienced transtensional deformation during the late Devonian/early Carboniferous NE-SW regional extension phase whereby inherited Timanian lineaments controlled the final W-E basin configuration. A salient pre-Caledonian Olga-Sørkapp crustal block in the central Barents Sea would also explain the recently proposed NNW rotation of Caledonian nappes and thrust sheets in the southwestern Barents Sea.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The Paleozoic Evolution of the Olga Basin Region, Northern Barents Sea: A Link to the Timanian Orogeny

Klitzke

Franke

Ehrhardt

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The dominant structural style of contraction above a salt layer is that of detachment folds cored by the mobile salt. During early stages of shortening, the area in the core increases as the fold grows (Dahlstrom, 1990;Stewart, 1999); this is balanced in a two-dimensional analysis by sinking of synclines, with underlying salt flowing laterally into the anticlines ( Fig. 6).…”

Section: Contractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Rowan

Urai

Fiduk³

et al. 2019

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Layered evaporite sequences (LESs) comprise interbedded weak layers (halite and, commonly, bittern salts) and strong layers (anhydrite and usually non-evaporite rocks such as carbonates and siliciclastics). This results in a strong rheological stratification, with a range of effective viscosity up to a factor of 105. We focus here on the deformation of competent intrasalt beds in different endmember modes of salt tectonics, even though combinations are common in nature, using a combination of conceptual, numerical, and analog models, and seismic data. In bedding-parallel extension, boudinage of the strong layers forms ruptured stringers, within a halite matrix, that become more isolated with increasing strain. In bedding-parallel shortening, competent layers tend to maintain coherency while forming harmonic, disharmonic, and polyharmonic folds, with the rheological stratification leading to buckling and fold growth by bedding-parallel shear. In differential loading, extension and the resultant stringers dominate beneath suprasalt depocenters, while folded competent beds characterize salt pillows. Finally, in passive diapirs, stringers generated by intrasalt extension are rotated to near vertical and encased in complex folds during upward flow of salt. In all cases, strong layers are progressively removed from areas of salt thinning and increasingly disrupted and folded in areas of salt growth as deformation intensifies. The varying styles of intrasalt deformation impact seismic imaging of LES and associated interpretations. Ruptured stringers are often visible where they have low dips, as in slightly extended salt layers or beneath depocenters, but are poorly imaged in passive diapirs due to steep dips. In contrast, areas of slightly to moderately shortened salt typically have well-imaged, mostly continuous intrasalt reflectors, although seismic coherency decreases as deformation intensifies. Similarly, wells are most likely to penetrate strong layers in contractional structures and salt pillows, less likely in extended salt because they might drill between stringers, and unlikely in tall passive diapirs because the stringers are near vertical. Thus, both seismic and well data may be interpreted to suggest that diapirs and other areas of more intense intrasalt deformation are more halite rich than is actually the case.

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“…were not imaged. Post-drill modeling using a higher density that reflected the contributions of anhydrite and carbonate supported the diapir being wider than originally thought (Stadtler et al, 2014).…”

Section: Seismic Datamentioning

confidence: 68%

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Rowan

Urai

Fiduk³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Layered evaporite sequences (LES) comprise interbedded weak layers (halite and, commonly, bittern salts) and strong layers (anhydrite and usually non-evaporite rocks such as carbonates and siliciclastics). This results in a strong rheological stratification, with a range of effective viscosity up to a factor of 105. We focus here on the deformation of competent intrasalt beds in different modes of salt tectonics using a combination of conceptual, numerical and analog models, and seismic data. In bedding-paralell extension, boudinage of the strong layers forms ruptured stringers, within a halite matrix, that become increasingly isolated with increasing strain. In bedding-parallel shortening, competent layers tend to maintain coherency while forming harmonic, disharmonic, and polyharmonic folds, with the rheological stratification leading to buckling and fold growth by bedding-parallel shear. In differential loading, extension and the resultant stringers dominate beneath suprasalt depocenters while folded competent beds characterize salt pillows. Finally, in tall passive diapirs, stringers generated by intrasalt extension are rotated to near vertical in tectonic melanges during upward flow of salt. In all cases, strong layers are progressively removed from areas of salt thinning and increasingly disrupted and folded in areas of salt growth as deformation intensifies. The varying styles of intrasalt deformation impact seismic imaging of LES and associated interpretations. Ruptured stringers are often visible where they have low dips, as in slightly extended salt layers or beneath depocenters, but are usually not imaged in tall passive diapirs due to steep dips. In contrast, areas of slightly to moderately shortened salt typically have well imaged, mostly continuous intrasalt reflectors, although seismic coherency decreases as deformation intensifies. Similarly, wells are most likely to penetrate strong layers in contractional structures and salt pillows, less likely in extended salt because they might drill between stringers, and unlikely in tall passive diapirs because the stringers are near-vertical. Thus, both seismic and well data may be interpreted to suggest that diapirs and other areas of more intense intrasalt deformation are more halite rich than is actually the case.

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Improved salt imaging in a basin context by high resolution potential field data: Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

The Paleozoic Evolution of the Olga Basin Region, Northern Barents Sea: A Link to the Timanian Orogeny

The Paleozoic Evolution of the Olga Basin Region, Northern Barents Sea: A Link to the Timanian Orogeny

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

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