Improved reverse osmosis thin film composite biomimetic membranes by incorporation of polymersomes

Abstract

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Aquaporin-Containing Proteopolymersomes in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Membranes

“…PP+ consisted of a 1.12 mg/mL mixture of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PMOXA-PDMS) diblock copolymer, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA) triblock copolymer, and bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (A-PDMS) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 0.05% lauryldimethylamine N-oxide (LDAO), 0.5% Kolliphor® HS 15 (KHS), and 5 mg/L aquaporin Z protein. They were prepared via bulk hydration self-assembly, according to procedures described by M. Spulber et al [34] and in a study by Górecki et al [22] The average particle size of PP+ was reported to be 150 ± 1 nm with total particle concentration of 3.26 × 10 11 ± 7.08 × 10 9 particles/mL, and a neutral to slightly positive ζ-potential (+0.9 mV) due to the A-PDMS.…”

“…Obtained PP+ were filtered by a 0.4-µm Whatman filter prior to use. To check the PP+ solution quality, the filtered solution was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) Zetasizer Nano Zs (Malvern, United Kingdom); if a >85% intensity peak at 150-250 nm was observed, then the solution was recognized as good quality [22].…”

“…In the literature, various approaches were used in order to incorporate the vesicles. Here, most studies fixed proteoliposomes using interfacial polymerization (IP) (ABM1 [20], ABM2 [25], ABM3 [43], ABM4 [22], ABM5 [44], and ABM6 [45]). Other approaches incorporating vesicles included fixating proteoliposomes using PE cross-linking (ABM7) [46], surface imprinting polymerization with proteopolymersome (ABM8) [47], and embedding proteoliposomes into a layer-by-layer assembled membrane (ABM9) [24].…”

“…For this reason, vesicle-embedded membranes are used in this study since the vesicles can easily be incorporated into an existing layer that supports the vesicles and prevents defects [14]. Moreover, Górecki et al showed that aquaporin-containing proteopolymersomes were successfully added to polyamide layers, where they contributed to an improved membrane performance [22].…”

State-of-the-Art Water Treatment in Czech Power Sector: Industry-Proven Case Studies Showing Economic and Technical Benefits of Membrane and Other Novel Technologies for Each Particular Water Cycle

“…These trends bring about RO membranes containing a wide variety of nanoparticles, including zeolites (silicate and NaA, NaX, NaY—i.e., different silica–alumina ratio), carbon materials (including carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide), silica, metal oxides (titanium dioxide), metal nanoparticles, and there has even been an attempt to introduce novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials (ZIF-8) into aromatic polyamide layers of RO membranes [ 48 ]. Special newly developed thin film composite biomimetic membranes greatly increase the effectivity of water transport in RO membranes, and increase desalination effectivity [ 49 ]. Additionally, according to the huge desalting RO plants, huge “kits” or “sets of blocks” of modules are being developed ( Figure 15 ).…”