Improved resolution in stripping analysis using the formation of intermetallic compounds

Wang, Joseph.; Farias, Pércio Augusto Mardini; Luo, Den-Bai

doi:10.1021/ac00277a027

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Also, the Cd peaks were smaller than the Pb peaks, probably due to formation of a Cd-Cu intermetallic compound, which results in a decrease in the Cd peak. 10,[37][38][39] Therefore, the more reproducible Pb peaks were used for quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox magnetohydrodynamic enhancement of stripping voltammetry: toward portable analysis using disposable electrodes, permanent magnets, and small volumes

Weston

Anderson

Arumugam

et al. 2006

Analyst

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The use of redox magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to enhance the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) response of heavy metals has been investigated, with respect to achieving portability: disposable electrodes consisting of screen-printed carbon (SPC) on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate, small volumes, and permanent magnets. The analytes tested (Cd(2+), Cu(2+), and Pb(2+)) were codeposited on SPC with Hg(2+) to form a Hg thin film electrode. High concentrations of Fe(3+) were used to produce a high cathodic current which generates a significant Lorentz force in the presence of a magnetic field. This Lorentz force induces solution convection during the deposition step, enhancing the mass transport of analytes to the electrode and increasing their preconcentrated quantity in the mercury thin film. Therefore, larger ASV peaks and improved sensitivities are obtained, compared to analyses performed without a magnet. The effects on ASV signal of varying Hg(2+) concentration (0.10 and 1.0 mM), deposition time (10-600 s), and electrode surface roughness were investigated. In addition, analyses were performed using a real lake water matrix. By using the disposable LTCC-SPC working electrodes in small volumes (150 microL) and with small permanent magnets (0.78 T), peak areas were increased by 75% when compared to the signal obtained in the absence of a magnetic field. A limit of detection of 25 nM for Cd(2+) was observed with only a 1 min preconcentration time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox magnetohydrodynamic enhancement of stripping voltammetry: toward portable analysis using disposable electrodes, permanent magnets, and small volumes

Weston

Anderson

Arumugam

et al. 2006

Analyst

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“…A principal difficulty in the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) by the mercury electrodes is the problem of resolution of overlapping peaks. [1][2][3] Therefore, many efforts have been made to develop modified electrodes to determine metals by the ASV method. High sensitivity and judicious choice of the modifier used in the chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) and control of the potential in the voltammetry make them well suited for development of a highly selective monitoring technique for metal ions in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-doped Anthranilic Acid-Pyrrole Copolymer/Gold Electrodes for Selective Preconcentration and Determination of Cu(I) by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Nateghi

Fallahian

2007

ANAL. SCI.

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Electropolymerization of anthranilic acid/pyrrole (AA/PY) at solid substrate electrodes (platinum, gold, and glassy carbon) gave stable and water-insoluble films under a wide range of pH. Combining high conductivity of the polypyrrole (PPY) and pH independence of the electrochemical activity of the self-doped carboxylic acid-substituted polyaniline allows us to prepare an improved functionalized PPY-modified electrode to collect and measure Cu(I) species. The differential pulse stripping analysis of the copper ions using a polyanthranilic acid-co-polypyrrole (PAA/PPY)-modified electrode consisted of three steps: accumulation, electrochemical reduction to the elemental copper and stripping step. Factors affecting these steps, including electropolymerization conditions, accumulation and stripping medium, reduction potential, reduction time and accumulation time, were systematically investigated. A detection limit of 5.3 × 10 -9 M Cu(I) was achieved for a 7.0 min accumulation. For 12 determinations of Cu(I) at concentrations of 1.0 × 10 -8 M, an RSD of 3.5% was obtained. The log Ip was found to vary linearly with log[Cu I ] in the concentration range from 7.0 × 10 -9 to 1.0 × 10 -5 M.

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“…Most of the attempts, however have focused on one of these two aspects. Studies by Bond [ I , 21, Neeb [ 3 ] , and Wang [4] are important in this field because they were among the first to attempt to resolve the problem o f determining elements in multicomponent systems by addressing both sensitivity and selectivity. Selectivity has been greatly improved by modern voltammetric techniques such as alternating current voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry [ 5,6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of second harmonic alternating current anodic stripping voltammetry in the simultaneous trace and ultra trace metal determination of a multicomponent system

et al. 1989

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Second harmonic alternating current voltammetry coupled with anodic stripping techniques has been used for the simultaneous determination of lead(II), tin(II), and thallium( I) (elements which, in common supporting electrolytes exhibit similar half-wave potentials). The supporting electrolyte was 0.1 M HC104 for the Pb-TI couple with the subsequent addition of EDTA (0.02 M) for measuring the tin ion. Once conditions for the experimental measurements were optimized, calculation was done for the various concentration ratios for which one could determine one element in the presence of the other two; the maimum experimental error was 5%. These concentration ( c ) ratios were a s follows: cs,, :0.02 M). Precision and accuracy data (3-5%) are also reported and expressed, respeczively, as the relative standard deviation and relative error. The detection h i t for each element proved t o be around lo-' M. Tlie standard addition technique improved the resolution o f the alteranting current voltammetric method, even in the case of very high concentration ratios. I.RODUCTI0NResearchers have always shown great interest in the possibility of simultaneously determining several elements in multicomponent systems. Voltammetry is certainly among the analytical techniques most frequently used in this direction. Major efforts have been aimed at coupling high sensitivity with good method selectivity. Most of the attempts, however have focused on one of these two aspects. Studies by Bond [ I , 21, Neeb [ 3 ] , and Wang [4] are important in this field because they were among the first to attempt to resolve the problem o f determining elements in multicomponent systems by addressing both sensitivity and selectivity. Selectivity has been greatly improved by modern voltammetric techniques such as alternating current voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry [ 5,6]. In regard to sensitivity, anodic stripping voltammetry (71 has also been important since the introduction of new types of electrodes [8-111. Potentiometric stripping analysis, with matrix exchange techniques, also has been used to selectively determine heavy metals in real samples [ 121.I To whom correspondence should be addressedThe authors recently tackled the problem of the simultaneous determination of trace elements in twocomponent systems with extremely close half-wave potentials by combining second harmonic alternating current voltammetry, which is highly selective, with extremely sensitive anodic stripping techniques [13][14][15]. In particular, the good resolution offered by the second harmonic alternating current voltammetry in the determination of two elements with very close half-wave potentials (differences less than 50 mV), as previously reported [ 161, uses the currents calculated on the peaks that are more positive and more negative than the half-wave potentials o f the former and the latter element, respectively, t o determine the corresponding analytical calibration functions. The present work is intended to extend this study t o a three-compo...

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Improved resolution in stripping analysis using the formation of intermetallic compounds

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Redox magnetohydrodynamic enhancement of stripping voltammetry: toward portable analysis using disposable electrodes, permanent magnets, and small volumes

Redox magnetohydrodynamic enhancement of stripping voltammetry: toward portable analysis using disposable electrodes, permanent magnets, and small volumes

Self-doped Anthranilic Acid-Pyrrole Copolymer/Gold Electrodes for Selective Preconcentration and Determination of Cu(I) by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Application of second harmonic alternating current anodic stripping voltammetry in the simultaneous trace and ultra trace metal determination of a multicomponent system

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