Improved Properties of Doped BaTiO₃ Piezoelectric Ceramics

Abstract

À δ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are prepared using solid-state reactions. The use of a Li 2 O sintering aid enables one to obtain dense ceramics at a temperature of 1100 C instead of the 1350 C used for BaTiO 3 (BT) in conventional sintering. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicate structural modifications, suggesting insertion of the doping elements into the tetragonal structure. The insertion of Li/Ca/Co/Nb improves piezoelectric properties: for micrograin-size ceramics, a piezoelectric charge constant and an electromechanical coupling factor of d 33 ¼ 255 pC N À1 and k p ¼ 43.5% are reached, respectively. Furthermore, a thermal annealing of the cobalt-doped sample at 1080 C under O 2 atmosphere leads to d 33 ¼ 280 pC N À1 and k p ¼ 44.6%. BaTiO 3 :Co ceramics present distorted ferroelectric cycles due to the occurrence of an internal bias field. The high mechanical quality factors (Q m > 1000) obtained for the doped BT ceramics afford stability against electrical stress of up to 500 V RMS mm À1 , which makes these materials competitive with PZT4 for some applications.

Boost piezocatalytic activity of BaSO4 by coupling it with BaTiO3, Cu:BaTiO3, Fe:BaTiO3, S:BaTiO3 and modify them by sucrose for water purification

“…Results approve that dopants could show dramatically effect on piezocatalytic activity. The origin of these improvements could be the following reasons: (I) dopant could act as a shallow level acceptor in BaTiO 3 and can significantly reduce the piezoelectric potential screening effect [25][26][27][28][29]38 . (II) Depending on the radius of the dopant, it could create an increased strain while replacing the Ba or Ti in the BaTiO 3 lattice, thus leading to an increase in the piezoelectric coefficient [30][31][32] .…”

n‐ZnO/p‐NiO Core/Shell‐Structured Nanorods for Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

“…Various non‐centrosymmetric piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), [ 8–12 ] quartz, [ 13 ] zinc oxide (ZnO), [ 3,14–16 ] barium titanate (BaTiO 3 , BTO), [ 17–22 ] zinc sulfide (ZnS), [ 23–24 ] polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), [ 25,26 ] etc. are widely used for PENGs.…”

Comparison between Lithium Substitution and Doping on the Physical and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free BCZT Ceramics

“…Adding a suitable amount of low-temperature melting additives such as Lithium (LiF and LiCO3) could lower the sintering temperature [22]. This sintering aids not only reduces the sintering temperature but could also enhance the crystallization of material even in low calcination temperatures [23,24]. However, in some cases, the piezoelectric properties may be decreased due to the existence of a secondary phase due to the addition of these sintering aids [22].…”