“…used a random and irregular garnish of (PEDOT: PSS)/CuPc/C 60 as an anode buffer layer, donor and acceptor, respectively. The irregular garnish nanostructure with a random distribution of PEDOT/PSS in the OPV increases the junction area, light paths, light absorption, short-circuit current, fill factor and efficiency due to increase in the exciton dissociation, charge carrier transfer, and collection in the active layer by scattering of the incident light [40]. The phase separation in CuPc:C 60 film with an improved ratio of the corresponding electronic absorption and carrier transport which are necessary for the performance of OPV cell were studied [41].…”