“…They show that the induced voltage and magnetic flux related to the machine axes d and q -and, consequently, to the electromagnetic torque depend on the flux from permanent magnets and the current in the excitation coil [18,19]. Information about transformation from threephase (L1 -L2 -L3) system to two phase (α-β) system, and then to d-q axis, are described in details e.g., in [20], The mathematical description (voltage equations) of magnetic bearings is very similar to the description of hybrid-excited electric machines due to the appropriate selection of the coordinate system (rotating with the rotor). The main goal in magnetic bearings is to maintain a constant air gap, while in hybrid-excited machines, it is to obtain the required values of the magnetic flux.…”