Improved performance of inverted planar perovskite solar cells with F4-TCNQ doped PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers

Liu, Dongyang; Li, Yong; Yuan, Jianyu; Hong, Qiuming; Shi, Guozheng; Yuan, Da-Xing; Wei, Jian; Huang, Chen-Chao; Tang, Jianxin; Fung, Man‐Keung

doi:10.1039/c6ta10212c

Cited by 217 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Directed nitrogen stream drying enabled the highest efficiency of 11.80% in this experimental series. Reference devices with spin coated perovskite layers and an active area of 0.0925 cm 2 yielded a power conversion efficiency of up to 14.25%, which is comparable to published data . This difference mainly originates from increased V OC and FF values, indicating a limitation by a reduced parallel resistance and/or increased series resistance of the larger area solar cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm²

Kohlstädt

Yakoob

Würfel

2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Among various coating techniques, blade coating is one promising alternative for upscaling perovskite photovoltaic devices from small area research cells to intermediately sized cells and modules. Also, it is potentially compatible for future roll‐to‐roll processing. In this work, planar inverted (p‐i‐n) solution‐processed perovskite solar cells are presented, with absorber layers deposited via blade coating in a one‐step process, employing lead(II) acetate trihydrate as lead source. It is found that control of the perovskite layer drying before annealing is most critical for device function. Various drying approaches by temperature and/or blowing with a directed nitrogen stream are compared and demonstrate a large impact on device performance. Whereas drying without additional gas flow leads to chaotic morphologies, inhomogeneous layers, and low power conversion efficiencies, controlled drying with a directed nitrogen stream results in power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.8% for devices with an active area of 1.1 cm2. In comparison, solar cells with spin‐coated absorber layers achieve an efficiency of 14.3% on small areas. Detailed analyses using photoluminescence spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy reveal a strongly enhanced layer quality and crystallinity for the actively dried perovskite layers, leading to enhanced device performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm²

Kohlstädt

Yakoob

Würfel

2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…In PSCs, F6TCNNQ molecules were used to lower the E F of a NiO x HTM from −4.63 to −5.07 eV and reduce the gap of VB– E F from 0.58 to 0.29 eV, resulting in an enhancement of the device performance . Furthermore, 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) molecules were adopted via a solution‐processed doping process to improve the film conductivity and energy levels of PTAA, P3HT, and PEDOT:PSS, respectively, contributing to the increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices with increased hole‐extraction effect. However, little is known about the relationship between this modified effect and the electron affinity (EA) of the organic monomolecular materials, which need further exploration for more efficient modified molecular design.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Parameters Obtained From the Optimized Devices mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Electron Affinity Enables Fast Hole Extraction for Efficient Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

227

200

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Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with low‐temperature processed hole transporting materials (HTMs) suffer from poor performance due to the inferior hole‐extraction capability at the HTM/perovskite interfaces. Here, molecules with controlled electron affinity enable a HTM with conductivity improved by more than ten times and a decreased energy gap between the Fermi level and the valence band from 0.60 to 0.24 eV, leading to the enhancement of hole‐extraction capacity by five times. As a result, the 3,6‐difluoro‐2,5,7,7,8,8‐hexacyanoquinodimethane molecules are used for the first time enhancing open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the PSCs, which enable rigid‐and flexible‐based inverted perovskite devices achieving highest power conversion efficiencies of 22.13% and 20.01%, respectively. This new method significantly enhances the Voc and FF of the PSCs, which can be widely combined with HTMs based on not only NiOx but also PTAA, PEDOTT:PSS, and CuSCN, providing a new way of realizing efficient inverted PSCs.

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“…2,3,5,6‐Tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) has been suggested as a p‐type dopant in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) to reduce the hole injection barrier . It was reported that PEDOT:PSS doped with F4‐TCNQ had an improved V oc together with J sc compared with the undoped one . Doping with F4‐TCNQ with a low LUMO level of −5.24 eV (Figure a) was found to enhance the electrical conductivity by about seven times (Figure b), which is probably due to the strong electron‐accepting property of F4‐TCNQ, or the conformal change of PEDOT chains driven by the interaction between the dipoles of F4‐TCNQ − and PEDOT + .…”

Section: Interfacial Engineering In the Inverted Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Interfacial Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

2017

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Perovskite solar cells (PCSs) are composed of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite as the light harvester. Since the first report on a long‐term‐durable, 9.7 % efficient, solid‐state perovskite solar cell, organic–inorganic halide perovskites have received considerable attention because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 22 % was certified. Controlling the grain size, grain boundary, morphology, and defects of the perovskite layer is important for achieving high efficiency. In addition, interfacial engineering is equally or more important to further improve the PCE through better charge collection and a reduction in charge recombination. In this Review, the type of interfacial layers and their impact on photovoltaic performance are investigated for both the normal and the inverted cell architectures. Four different interfaces of fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/electron‐transport layer (ETL), ETL/perovskite, perovskite/hole‐transport layer (HTL), and HTL/metal are classified, and their roles are investigated. The effects of interfacial engineering with organic or inorganic materials on photovoltaic performance are described in detail. Grain‐boundary engineering is also included because it is related to interfacial engineering and the grain boundary in the perovskite layer plays an important role in charge conduction, recombination, and chargecarrier life time.

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Improved performance of inverted planar perovskite solar cells with F4-TCNQ doped PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers

Abstract: Simultaneously increased current density and open circuit voltage were achieved through doping F4-TCNQ into PEDOT:PSS in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 217 publications

References 45 publications

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm²

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm²

High Electron Affinity Enables Fast Hole Extraction for Efficient Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Impact of Interfacial Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

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Improved performance of inverted planar perovskite solar cells with F4-TCNQ doped PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers

Abstract: Simultaneously increased current density and open circuit voltage were achieved through doping F4-TCNQ into PEDOT:PSS in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 217 publications

References 45 publications

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm2

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm2

High Electron Affinity Enables Fast Hole Extraction for Efficient Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Impact of Interfacial Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

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A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm²

A Matter of Drying: Blade‐Coating of Lead Acetate Sourced Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells on Active Areas >1 cm²