Improved performance of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, larvae after ozone disinfection of the eggs

Ben‐Atia, Isashar; Lutzky, Sigal; Barr, Yoav; Gamsız, Kutsal; Shtupler, Yariv; Tandler, A.; Koven, William

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01641.x

Cited by 9 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, some egg batches showed great resilience to high ozone concentrations, although there was a high inter-batch variability in terms of hatching ratio. This may be a result of ozone dissolved in sea water which increases the resistance of the chorion protein polymer to hydrolytic breakdown, and/or inhibits enzyme secretion from the hatching gland (Ben-Atia et al 2007).Over the past years, NTP, which is in general any plasma that is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, has emerged as a novel tool in medicine (Moreau et al 2008, Kong et al 2009, De Geyter & Morent 2012, efficiently inactivating viruses (Yasuda et al 2010), bacteria (Venezia et al 2008, Kvam et al 2012) and biomolecules such as DNA (Ptasiń ska et al 2010). This inactivation occurs selectively, without burning the tissue, enabling the disinfection of living tissue without causing any damage (Fridman et al 2006, Laroussi et al 2012.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Germ-free sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model: a valuable tool in the study of host-microbe interactions

Schaeck

Swaef²,

Broeck³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A thorough understanding of host−microbe interactions is crucial for more efficient disease management in the marine larviculture industry. As demonstrated in terrestrial animal research, gnotobiotic systems (involving animals cultured in germ-free conditions or inoculated with known microorganisms) are excellent tools to extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved in host−microbe interactions and allow the evaluation of new treatments for diseases. In this study, we introduce a germ-free European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model, independent of the continuous addition of antimicrobial agents. This model has an experimental set-up that allows addition of live feed to the larvae without compromising the germ-free status. This model will facilitate and render aquaculture research more effective in terms of mitigation fish larval diseases.KEY WORDS: Aquaculture · Gnotobiotic · Pathogen · Larvae Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 117: [177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185] 2016 towards more strict regulations on the use of antibiotics in the aquaculture sector (Suba singhe et al. 2001, Romero et al. 2012, hence calling for alternative, sustainable methods to which the aquaculturist can resort for preventing and controlling disease outbreaks. Several environmentally friendly prophylactic disease treatments have been the focus of recent research, i.e. probiotics, prebiotics, vaccines, immunostimulants or antimicrobial peptides (Merrifield & Ringø 2014).A judicious and scientifically supported application of the abovementioned alternatives warrants a thorough testing of their efficacy and safety under standardized and controlled experimental conditions (Smith et al. 2003). However, the stochastic colonization of larvae by microorganisms may hinder the establishment of a reproducible experimental set-up by generating high inter-individual and inter-batch variability in the composition of the standing microbial community. Hence, from a microbiological point of view, iterating experimental conditions using conventional animals is almost impossible (Fjellheim et al. 2012). The development of test systems in which the researcher has complete control over the microbial community structure, by adopting a germ-free or gnotobiotic model, was revolutionary in this respect. As already demonstrated in multiple terrestrial animal studies, gnotobiotic models are an excellent tool to extend our understanding of (1) the nutritional requirements of host organisms, (2) host−microbe interactions and (3) host metabolic functions (Gordon & Pesti 1971, Wostmann 1996, Marques et al. 2005. Despite the significant increase in the use of fish as experimental animals during the last decades (Marques et al. 2005, Schaeck et al. 2013) and the stressed importance of raising aquatic organisms gnotobiotically (Bates et al. 2006), the current know-how of rearing gnotobiotic aquatic organisms is much more limited compared to the more traditional mammalian l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-free sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model: a valuable tool in the study of host-microbe interactions

Schaeck

Swaef²,

Broeck³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Bergh & Jelmert (1996) saw a reduction in the number of halibut yolk sac larvae with jaw deformities with the introduction of egg disinfection. Conversely, an increase in deformities and delayed hatching of larvae has been observed in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., because of hardening of the egg shell as a consequence of overexposure to ozone treated sea water as a form of disinfection (Ben‐Atia, Lutzky, Barr, Gamsiz, Shtupler, Tandler & Koven 2007). Thus, it is important to tailor the disinfection protocol to the species in question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larvae may need more resources to hatch from an egg where the shell has been strengthened through a reaction with the disinfectant. This could lead to larvae that have exhausted the yolk sac reserves before they are ready to feed, reaching the point of no return prematurely (Ben‐Atia et al. 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical surface disinfection of eggs of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua L.

Overton¹,

Bruun

Dalsgaard

2010

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The effect of two disinfectants on eggs and larvae of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, was investigated. The eggs were disinfected for 10 min using various concentrations of either glutaraldehyde (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg L(-1)) or iodophor (10, 50, 100 and 150 mg L(-1)), 1-4-days post-fertilization. Bactericidal effect of disinfection, survival to hatching, hatching success and larval abnormalities were assessed. Larval survival was recorded at 5-, 10- and 15-days post-hatch (dph). Although Baltic cod eggs have an unusually thin chorion, they could tolerate surface disinfection. A reduction in bacterial growth was observed with increased concentrations of disinfectant (3.0 x 10(7)-1.6 x 10(1) CFU mL(-1)). Abnormalities in newly hatched larvae were not related to disinfection. Survival of the yolk sac larvae was significantly better for eggs treated with 400 mg L(-1) glutaraldehyde for 10 min at 10 and 15 dph. Effective disinfection was also recorded using 100 mg L(-1) Actomar K30. Egg batch effect rather than initial bacterial concentration, disinfectant type or incubation method determined the survival of the eggs to hatching and survival of larvae. Because of the carcinogenic effect of glutaraldehyde, iodophor is recommended for routine disinfection of cod eggs.

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“…) or mixing the homogenate with preheated fluid agar, before pouring into Petri dishes (Ben‐Atia et al . ; Katharios et al . ).…”

Section: Evaluation Criteria For a Successful Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review

Swaef

Broeck

Dierckens

et al. 2015

Reviews in Aquaculture

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In aquaculture hatcheries, egg disinfection is commonly employed as a mortality mitigation and disease management tool. In addition, disinfection protocols are utilized in research facilities, as a means to create axenic and gnotobiotic larval models. For the latter, a complete sterilization of the eggs is warranted. Multiple research groups have tested various disinfectants in fish eggs adopting different protocols and a range of parameters to evaluate their efficacy and safety. However, there is a clear lack of a critical review listing these different studies and stressing the advantages and shortcomings of the protocols and adopted disinfectants. This review provides a commented survey of the findings/experiments on the most frequently used and upcoming disinfecting products, the protocols in which they are included and their purposes with emphasis on decreasing bacterial and/or fungal load, underscoring the benefits and the limitations of each product. Supplemented with a critical note, this review assists both aquaculturists and researchers in making an informed choice. Moreover, it will help stakeholders to identify the gaps in knowledge where future research on egg disinfection is needed.

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Improved performance of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, larvae after ozone disinfection of the eggs

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Germ-free sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model: a valuable tool in the study of host-microbe interactions

Germ-free sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model: a valuable tool in the study of host-microbe interactions

Chemical surface disinfection of eggs of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua L.

Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review

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