2023
DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1327979
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Improved models for estimating sporadic-E intensity from GNSS radio occultation measurements

Daniel J. Emmons,
Dong L. Wu,
Nimalan Swarnalingam
et al.

Abstract: Several models for estimating sporadic-E intensity from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) observation have previously been developed using a single perturbation or intensity parameter, such as phase-based total electron content (TEC) or the amplitude-based S4 index. Here, we outline two new models that use a combination of phase and amplitude parameters for the L1 and L2 signals. These models show a significant improvement over the baseline models used for comparison. Furthermore… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…In principle, this could reduce the inaccuracies caused by the empirically modeled IRI profiles. However, in making this proposition, it is recognized that the ionogram-inverted E region N e (h) profiles have their own inaccuracies and uncertainties which at times can be quite high, as was pointed out in a recent paper by Emmons et al (2023). It should be added here that the reliability and appropriateness of the ambient E region electron density profile, which is needed in obtaining the true height of sporadic E, is an issue that requires further consideration and study.…”
Section: Discussion Summary and Concluding Commentsmentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…In principle, this could reduce the inaccuracies caused by the empirically modeled IRI profiles. However, in making this proposition, it is recognized that the ionogram-inverted E region N e (h) profiles have their own inaccuracies and uncertainties which at times can be quite high, as was pointed out in a recent paper by Emmons et al (2023). It should be added here that the reliability and appropriateness of the ambient E region electron density profile, which is needed in obtaining the true height of sporadic E, is an issue that requires further consideration and study.…”
Section: Discussion Summary and Concluding Commentsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…In this work, where the sporadic E blanketing frequency fbEs was used instead of foEs, the authors provided only a few details and no information as how the real heights affected their findings relative to the measured virtual heights and the corresponding blanketing frequencies. The Gooch et al (2020) Es true height analysis method was also employed in a recent paper by Emmons et al (2023) that tested several approaches used to estimate sporadic E intensities in GPS satellite radio occultation studies.…”
Section: Discussion Summary and Concluding Commentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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