Improved measles surveillance in Cameroon reveals two major dynamic patterns of incidence

Cummings, Derek A. T.; Moss, William J.; Long, Kanya C.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Muluh, Ticha Johnson; Kollo, Basile; Nomo, E; Wolfe, Nathan; Burke, Donald S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2004.10.010

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The three northern-most Regions (Far-North, North and Adamaoua) experience major epidemics every year. Seven southern Regions show evidence of experiencing major epidemics every third year [5]. Following coincident peaks in 2000–2001 in these two cycles resulting in an increase in measles incidence countrywide, measles laboratory surveillance was established in 2001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of measles viruses that circulated in Cameroon between 2010 and 2011

Demanou

Ratsitoharana

Yonga

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundMeasles virus (MeV) is monotypic, but genetic variation in the hemagglutinin H and nucleoprotein N genes can be analyzed by molecular epidemiologic techniques and used to study virus transmission patterns. The World Health Organization currently recognizes 8 clades (A-H) within which are 24 genotypes of MeV and one provisional genotype, d11. Genotype B3 is clearly the endemic genotype in most of African continent where it is widely distributed. We provide an update on the molecular characterization of wild-type MeVs that circulated in Cameroon between 2010 and 2011.FindingsViral RNA was extracted directly from samples obtained from clinically diagnosed measles patients using QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Reverse transcription and PCR amplification of 634 nucleotides of the N gene was performed using the SuperScript™ III One-Step. Sequence analysis of 450 of the 634 nucleotides using Clustal X 2.0 program for multiple alignments and Mega version 5 for phylogenic analysis indicated that all the viruses belonged to genotype B3 with two distinct clusters. Twenty three (77%) belonged to subgroup B3.1 and the other 7 (23%) belonged to B3.3 a recently described subtype. Circulation of cluster 3 was detected in the Far-North Region (5/7) particularly along the Chad-Cameroon border in 2010 and later in Yaounde (2/7 in Biyem-assi Health District) the capital city of Cameroon in 2011.ConclusionThis study highlights the endemic circulation in Cameroon of MeV B3 subtype 1, which probably has its source in the neighboring Nigeria, and the presence of the new subtype B3.3, suggesting a possible importation from Northern Africa where it was first described between 2008 and 2009.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established after a five-year study that there are two distinct patterns of measles incidence in two different areas in Cameroon [5]. The three northern-most Regions experience major epidemics every year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of measles viruses that circulated in Cameroon between 2010 and 2011

Demanou

Ratsitoharana

Yonga

et al. 2013

Virol J

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“…Wilson, et al [4] models linked urban and rural epidemics of HIV and discusses how to optimize a limited treatment supply to minimize new infections. Cummings et al [5] uses data to identify a distinct pattern in the periodicity of measles outbreaks in Cameroon before the widespread vaccination efforts of the Measles Initiative. The southern part of Cameroon experienced a significant measles epidemic approximately every three years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the three northern provinces contend with annual measles epidemics. In 2000 and 2001, these cyclic outbreaks coincided, exacerbating the situation and causing a much more severe epidemic [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease persistence in epidemiological models: The interplay between vaccination and migration

Burton

Billings

Cummings

et al. 2012

Mathematical Biosciences

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We consider the interplay of vaccination and migration rates on disease persistence in epidemiological systems. We show that short-term and long-term migration can inhibit disease persistence. As a result, we show how migration changes how vaccination rates should be chosen to maintain herd immunity. In a system of coupled SIR models, we analyze how disease eradication depends explicitly on vaccine distribution and migration connectivity. The analysis suggests potentially novel vaccination policies that underscore the importance of optimal placement of finite resources.

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“…Up to 2001, Cameroon was one of the 20 countries of the world, with frequent measles epidemics. In the three northern regions, epidemics occurred yearly or every three years in the seven other regions of Cameroon [12]. Supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) leads to high vaccination coverage and more measles cases and deaths averted, compared to the single dose schedule [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity and Mortality from Measles in Cameroonian Children: Implications for Measles Control

Nguefack¹

2011

TOARSJ

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Abstract:Objective: To investigate the epidemiological trends of measles in the Littoral, North-west, South-west and Western regions of Cameroon in order to improve measles control. Design and Methods:Cross-sectional study of retrolective data collected on cases of measles from January 1997 to April 2003 and stored in registers at regional levels. Child age, immunization and disease status, complications and outcomes were recorded.Results: 33,268 cases of measles were registered. The trend was endemo-epidemic with outbreaks occurring between February and April. The average incidence rate was 4.8‰ per year with 4.1‰ reported in 1998, 5.8‰ in 2001, and 0.9‰ in 2002. Complete data sets for 16,637 cases indicate that 47.4% were children aged 9 to 59 months. Those less than 9 months represented 15.2% of the cases. More than half (415 cases) of the 766 cases with known immunization status (54.2%) representing 2.5% of the 16,637 total cases had received the measles vaccine. Complications were frequent in the Western (53.7%) and the Littoral (33.7%) regions and 53.3% of all complications were bronchopulmonary infections. The global case fatality rate was 1.6%, and 2.1% in children less than 9 months with a significant tendency to decrease with age (p<10 -4 ). The most frequent cause-related disorders of death were malnutrition (34.4%), neurological (35.3%) and digestive (26.2%).Conclusion: measles was a public health problem in Cameroon with vaccinated and unvaccinated children both affected within the period of study. Those less than 9 months old, carried the highest burden of the disease in terms of mortality.

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Improved measles surveillance in Cameroon reveals two major dynamic patterns of incidence

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular characterization of measles viruses that circulated in Cameroon between 2010 and 2011

Molecular characterization of measles viruses that circulated in Cameroon between 2010 and 2011

Disease persistence in epidemiological models: The interplay between vaccination and migration

Morbidity and Mortality from Measles in Cameroonian Children: Implications for Measles Control

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