“…where Iph is the short-circuit current due to sunlight (photons), Id denotes the shunted current through the diode, V denotes the voltage on the load, I is the current through the load, Rs and Rsh represents the parasitic series and shunt resistance of the array, respectively, and VT is given as [20] = (10) where k denotes the Boltzman's constant (1.38×10−23 J/K), q is the electron charge (1.6×10−19 C) and T c denotes the temperature of the operating module (°C) [21]. Furthermore, the photocurrent Iph is a function of the solar irradiance received by the solar cell as well as its temperature and can be expressed as [19]- [22] ℎ = [ + ( − )].…”