Improved maceration techniques to study the fruit vascular anatomy of grape

Xie, Zuoming; Teng, Fei; Forney, Charles F.; Li, Youmei; Li, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.hpj.2022.06.008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the four development stages of grape flowers, 30 florets were selected for anatomical observation [22]. The samples were fixed in FAA (70% ethanol:acetic acid:formalin, 18:1:1 v/v/v).…”

Section: Paraffin Sectioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Flowering Process of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)—Insight into the Starting of Pollination of Flower Hiding in Calyptras (Cap)

Wang¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Phyton

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It is generally agreed that many Vitis vinifera L. cultivars are self-fertile, where self-pollination often occurs before capfall in a process called cleistogamy. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the right time to remove stamens before self-pollination during the cross-breeding of grape. For this paper, we observed the process of grape flowering and measured the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of grape flowers of 'Shine Muscat' in order to identify the starting time of self-pollination before capfall and to provide useful information for improving the efficiency of cross-breeding. The results demonstrate that the anther is not cracked during the visible clusters and separated clusters stages. Meanwhile, in the separated floral buds, flowering begins, and full bloom stages, the pollen viability is 60.7%, 73.2% and 80.3%, respectively; however, at the berry set stage, pollen viability drops to zero. The top of the mature stigma is composed of a layer of nearly cylindrical papillary cells, and the stigma receptivity for pollen changes with the development of flowers: in particular, no reaction was observed in the visible clusters stage; weak positive reaction at the separated clusters stage; strong positive reaction at the separated floral buds, flowering begins, and full bloom stages; and no reaction at the berry set stage. In the separated floral buds stage, pollen tubes were seen germinating in the style. In the flowering begins stage, more pollen tubes were observed at the entry of the ovary. During the full bloom stage, most pollen tubes elongated into the ovary base and some entered the pearl hole. At the berry set stage, newborn endosperm nucleus could be seen in the ovule. From the above, we can conclude that the initiation time of closed fertilization for 'Shine Muscat' grape can be judged as the separated floral buds stage, and it is best to discard the stamen before the separated floral buds stage when conducting cross-breeding.

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“…In the four development stages of grape flowers, 30 florets were selected for anatomical observation [22]. The samples were fixed in FAA (70% ethanol:acetic acid:formalin, 18:1:1 v/v/v).…”

Section: Paraffin Sectioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Flowering Process of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)—Insight into the Starting of Pollination of Flower Hiding in Calyptras (Cap)

Wang¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Phyton

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“…In a trade‐off between safety and image quality, acid buffers can be used to optimize enzymatic reactions of pectinase at a pH range of 3.3 to 5.3 depending on the plant substrate (Sato, 1968 ; Lendzian et al, 1986 ). Other methods include pectinase alongside a suite of dangerous reagents to break apart plant tissues (Xie et al, 2022 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

A maceration technique for soft plant tissue without hazardous chemicals

Klahs,

McMurchie,

Nikkel

et al. 2023

Appl Plant Sci

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PremiseCurrent methods for maceration of plant tissue use hazardous chemicals. The new method described here improves the safety of dissection and maceration of soft plant tissues for microscopic imaging by using the harmless enzyme pectinase.Methods and ResultsLeaf material from a variety of land plants was obtained from living plants and dried herbarium specimens. Concentrations of aqueous pectinase and soaking schedules were optimized, and tissues were manually dissected while submerged in fresh solution following a soaking period. Most leaves required 2–4 h of soaking; however, delicate leaves could be macerated after 30 min while tougher leaves required 12 h to 3 days of soaking. Staining techniques can also be used with this method, and permanent or semi‐permanent slides can be prepared. The epidermis, vascular tissue, and individual cells were imaged at magnifications of 10× to 400×. Only basic safety precautions were needed.ConclusionsThis pectinase method is a cost‐effective and safe way to obtain images of epidermal peels, separated tissues, or isolated cells from a wide range of plant taxa.

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Application of image analysis and machine learning for the assessment of grape (Vitis L.) berry behavior under different storage conditions

Ropelewska,

Noutfia

2023

Eur Food Res Technol

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Fresh grapes are characterized by a short shelf life and are often subjected to quality losses during post-harvest storage. The quality assessment of grapes using image analysis may be a useful approach using non-destructive methods. This study aimed to compare the effect of different storage methods on the grape image texture parameters of the fruit outer structure. Grape bunches were stored for 4 weeks using 3 storage methods ( – 18 °C, + 4 °C, and room temperature) and then were subjected subsequently to image acquisition using a flatbed scanner and image processing. The models for the classification of fresh and stored grapes were built based on selected image textures using traditional machine learning algorithms. The fresh grapes and stored fruit samples (for 4 weeks) in the freezer, in the refrigerator and in the room were classified with an overall accuracy reaching 96% for a model based on selected texture parameters from images in color channels R, G, B, L, a, and b built using Random Forest algorithm. Among the individual color channels, the carried-out classification for the R color channel produced the highest overall accuracies of up to 92.5% for Random Forest. As a result, this study proposed an innovative approach combining image analysis and traditional machine learning to assess changes in the outer structure of grape berries caused by different storage conditions.

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Improved maceration techniques to study the fruit vascular anatomy of grape

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Observation of Flowering Process of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)—Insight into the Starting of Pollination of Flower Hiding in Calyptras (Cap)

Observation of Flowering Process of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)—Insight into the Starting of Pollination of Flower Hiding in Calyptras (Cap)

A maceration technique for soft plant tissue without hazardous chemicals

Application of image analysis and machine learning for the assessment of grape (Vitis L.) berry behavior under different storage conditions

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