Improved Li storage performance of SnO nanodisc on SnO₂ quantum dots embedded carbon matrix

Abstract

Li-ion batteries with conversion type anode are attractive choice, for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, because of their high theoretical capacity and cycle stability. On the contrary, enormous volume change during lithiation/delithiation and irreversible conversion reaction limits use of such anodes. To overcome these challenges, incorporating nano-sized SnOx on flexible carbonaceous matrix is an efficient approach. A facile and scalable fabrication of SnO nanodisc decorated on SnO2 quantum dots embedded carbon (SnOx@C) is reported in the present study. Detailed structural and morphological investigation confirms the successful synthesis of SnOx@C composite with 72.3 wt % SnOx loading. The CV profiles of the nanocomposite reveal a partial reversibility of conversion reaction for the active materials SnOx. Such partial reversible conversion enhances the overall capacity of the nanocomposite. It delivers a very high discharge capacity of 993 mAh g-1 at current density of 0.05 Ag-1 after 200 cycles; which is 2.6 times higher than that of commercial graphitic anode (372 mAh g-1) and very close to the calculated capacity of the SnOx@C composite. This unique nanocomposite remarkably improves Li storage performance in terms of reversible capacity, rate capability and cycling performance. It is established that such engineered anode can efficiently reduce the electrode pulverization and in turn make conversion reaction of tin partially reversible.

Carbon–Manganese Oxide Composite Derived from Wheat Flour: Kitchen-Inspired Green Synthesis and Applications in Energy Storage

“…According to previous studies for metal oxide anodes, the pseudocapacitive behavior of lithium-ion storage is accountable for the excellent rate performance of these types of anodes. 21,39 The peak currents in the CV curves followed a power law relationship with the scan speed as shown ineqs 1 and 2: 40,41 = i a b…”

“…The Li + diffusion coefficient (D Li + ) can be calculated using the following formula (eq 4): 40,41…”

Molecular precursor mediated selective synthesis of phase pure cubic InSe and hexagonal In2Se3 nanostructures: new anode materials for Li-ion batteries

“…This observation suggests that the energy storage mechanism has appreciable contribution compared to that of the capacitive controlled one. 6,54 The obtained current ( I ) in CV and the scan rate ( ν ) are related as follows I = aν b …”

“…However, it suffers from a low charge-discharge rate and limited specific capacity (∼372 mA h g −1 ). 6 To cope up with the ever-increasing power demand, an enormous amount of research has been devoted to the quest for alternative anode materials with high specific capacity, cycling stability and enhanced Li + diffusion kinetics. [7][8][9] Two-dimensional (2D) layered metal chalcogenides have been established as promising next generation anode materials for LIBs owing to their exotic electronic band structure, multi-valences, and tailor-made layer dependent properties.…”

Hydrothermal fabrication of Sn/SnO/SnO2 hybrid nanocomposites as highly reliable anodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries

“…The increased surface area of the nanostructured material may reduce the diffusion length, although its many active spots may enable other side reactions, which contribute to the material's overall performance. In recent years, many intriguing composite materials with attractive electrical charges and structures, such as TiO 2 /SnO 2 , 25,26 rGO/ SnO 2 , 27,28 CuO/SnO 2 29 and SnO/SnO 2 , 30 have been used in the production of lithium battery anodes to increase the charging and discharging speed, the efficiency, and the battery life.…”