Improved in‐vitro quality of platelet concentrates stored in a dextrose‐free synthetic medium

Farrugia, Albert; Douglas, S.; Williams, Shelly M.; Kellner, S.; Amerena, L.; James, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00006.x

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A more direct comparison by the use of a paired study confirmed our previous find ings that platelets suspended in a dextrose-free synthetic medium generated lower amounts of lactate than platelets suspended in plasma [12]. This resulted in higher pH val ues in platelets suspended in the synthetic medium, but in contrast to our previous study in vitro parameters were inferior to those in plasma, particularly in concentrates which were not supplemented with citrate to levels found in CPD platelets.…”

Section: Storage Dayssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Red cell and platelet concentrates were prepared from blood dona tions as described [12], In this study, component preparation and sampling were complete within 2 h of blood collection -'fresh' unitsor were delayed for an 18-hour period at 22 °C. Red cells were supended in 100 ml of additive solution.…”

Section: Preparation Of Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Platelets were stored in CLX MKII bags [11] and were suspended in 60 ml of autologous plasma or a synthetic medium composed of acetate, gluconate and chloride, buf fered with bicarbonate [12], In some studies comparing the effects of…”

Section: Preparation Of Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Cell and Platelet Concentrates from Blood Collected into Half- Strength Citrate Anticoagulant: Improved Maintenance of Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Half-Citrate Red Cells

Farrugia¹,

Douglas²,

James³

et al. 1992

Vox Sanguinis

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This study confirms previous work suggesting equivalent in vitro properties in blood components prepared from donations collected into half-citrate preservative (HCPD) compared to components derived from donations collected into standard citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) preservatives. In addition, red cell products harvested from HCPD donations showed significantly improved maintenance of pH over storage, and this was reflected in improved maintenance of intracellular 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). This effect was observed in whole blood and in red cells suspended in a phosphate-containing additive solution (Tuta AAS). Collection into HCPD also improved 2,3-DPG maintenance in red cell concentrates processed following an 18-hour hold at 22 °C. These improvements were less pronounced in red cells suspended in a non-phosphate-containing medium (Fenwal Adsol) in which a higher pH was maintained even in units collected in CPD. Platelets harvested from HCPD blood and suspended in plasma showed equivalent quality to platelets from standard donations. Some deterioration of platelet properties was observed when HCPD platelets were stored in a non-citrate synthetic medium. Together with data indicating improved coagulation factor stability, these results suggest that collection into HCPD improves stored blood quality and may also allow logistical benefits in blood component preparation.

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Section: Storage Dayssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Preparation Of Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Cell and Platelet Concentrates from Blood Collected into Half- Strength Citrate Anticoagulant: Improved Maintenance of Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Half-Citrate Red Cells

Farrugia¹,

Douglas²,

James³

et al. 1992

Vox Sanguinis

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“…This phenomenon (which manifests as a small decrease in lactate concentrations after glucose and glycogen have been exhausted) has been discussed more fully in a previous paper (Niu et al, 1996) and could be significant in the context of possible fuels for synthetic storage media. It is interesting that both a decrease in lactate concentration and/or an increase in pH in low glucose media during storage have been noted previously, but the implications of this set of changes were not initially appreciated (Holme et al, 1987a;Farrugia et al, 1991;Murphy et al, 1991). However, more recently the mechanism involved in these changes has been outlined (Bertolini et al, 1992), and it has been shown that the oxidation of organic acids can have a significant effect on pH changes during platelet storage (Murphy, 1995).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types and sources of fuels for platelets in a medium containing minimal added fuels and a low carryover plasma

1997

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Summary. The storage of platelets in synthetic media can result in plasma savings and reduced transfusion reactions. Accordingly, a wide range of storage formulations have been developed with the aim of replacing at least a proportion of the plasma in the storage medium. However, the concentrations and types of fuels in the carryover plasma, and the utilization of these fuels by platelets in storage, has not been investigated. We have developed a system which can measure total ATP turnover, and the contribution to total ATP turnover by the oxidation of various fuels and by lactate production, in a bag of partially purified platelets in a buffered saline with minimal carryover citrate phosphate double dextrose (CP2D) plasma.Carryover plasma was about 1% and the final platelet suspension contained, on average, 0 . 62 mM glucose, 9 . 6 mg/l free fatty acids, 32 mg/l triglycerides and 0 . 23 mM total amino acids. The oxidation of carbohydrate (glucose, glycogen and lactate) accounted for 60% of total ATP turnover. The platelets also produced lactate (<6% of total ATP turnover) and consumed free fatty acids and amino acids/proteins (15 . 2% of total ATP turnover). Therefore we have identified the fuels that account for about 80% of oxygen consumption and ATP turnover by platelets in a medium with low carryover plasma. The implications of these data for storage strategies are discussed.Keywords: platelet storage, fuel, plasma, oxygen.In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made in the development of practical and effective synthetic media for the blood bank storage of platelets, with the promise of considerable saving of plasma, fewer transfusion reactions and longer storage (Moroff & Holme, 1991;Kickler, 1991;Rock et al, 1985Rock et al, , 1991Adams & Rock, 1988;Murphy et al, 1995). A wide range of storage formulations have been developed, most of which are effective in replacing a proportion of the plasma, and good storage results have been reported with platelet additive solutions containing acetate Guppy et al, 1990;Whisson et al, 1993) and glucose (Holme et al, 1987b). However, there are still only minimal data on the potential contribution of the plasma to the fuels available in a minimal plasma medium, and on platelet utilization of these plasma-derived fuels. There are studies that shed some light on these questions, but most of the media used in these studies contain high contaminations (7-40%) of carryover plasma, and high-glucose-anticoagulant (resulting in glucose concentrations of 4-12 mM) which confound the results (e.g. et al, 1987b;Bertolini et al, 1992). The exceptions are the studies by Shimizu et al (1993) and Whisson et al (1993), in which the carryover plasma is about 1%. In addition, even when most of the plasma is removed, all of the studies above concentrate only on the effect of selected fuels on the viability and function of platelets, whereas other candidate fuels are ignored. Finally, few studies have measured total oxygen consumption and thus total ATP turnover, so it is impossi...

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“…Although several groups have reported satisfactory storage of platelets in additive solutions lacking plasma and glucose (Kilkson et al, 1984;Rock et al, 1985; Adams & Rock, 1988;Erikson & Hijgman, 1990;Guppy et al, 1990;Farrugia et al, 1991;hdurphy et al, 1991;Bertolini et al, 1992b) the presence of residual plasma, at a concentration of 10-15%, contributing 3 mmol/l glucose and other fuels, has not allowed a conclusion to be reached as to whether glucose or some other component of plasma is required for maintenance during storage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative study of starving platelets in a minimal medium: maintenance by acetate or plasma but not by glucose

Whisson¹,

Nakhoul²,

Howman³

et al. 1993

Transfusion Medicine

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The requirement of donor platelets for fuels, plasma and calcium were studied using platelets washed, filtered to remove leucocytes and resuspended in a new glucose-free minimal platelet storage medium with low citrate (3 mmol/l), low buffer capacity and no calcium. This is the first study of platelets stored without plasma, glucose or calcium and it was shown that platelets continued to aggregate with collagen plus adrenaline for 48 h and showed only a 50% fall in 'swirl index', an objective morphology score, after 3 days, showing that by these criteria human platelets do not require glucose. Sodium acetate extended the storage time by between 2 and 4 days, depending on the index parameter. This is the first evidence showing that failure of platelets in these conditions is at least partly due to exhaustion of fuel, and the first evidence that acetate prolongs in vitro survival. As little as 10% low-glucose plasma extended the storage time, but it was no better than acetate. New observations using this system included a very rapid fall in pH during resuspension of the washed platelet pellet, a rising pH in the absence of added fuel and an increased pH with added acetate.

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Improved in‐vitro quality of platelet concentrates stored in a dextrose‐free synthetic medium

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Red Cell and Platelet Concentrates from Blood Collected into Half- Strength Citrate Anticoagulant: Improved Maintenance of Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Half-Citrate Red Cells

Red Cell and Platelet Concentrates from Blood Collected into Half- Strength Citrate Anticoagulant: Improved Maintenance of Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Half-Citrate Red Cells

Types and sources of fuels for platelets in a medium containing minimal added fuels and a low carryover plasma

Quantitative study of starving platelets in a minimal medium: maintenance by acetate or plasma but not by glucose

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