Improved in Vitro Blood Compatibility of Polycaprolactone Nanowire Surfaces

Abstract

There are a multitude of polymeric materials currently utilized to prepare a variety of blood-contacting implantable medical devices. These devices include tissue grafts, coronary artery and vascular stents, and orthopedic implants. The thrombogenic nature of such materials can cause serious complications in patients, and ultimately lead to functional failure. To date, there is no truly hemocompatible biomaterial surface. Nanostructured surfaces improve cellular interactions but there is a limited amount of information regarding their blood compatibility. In this study, the in vitro blood compatibility of four different surfaces (control, PCL; nanowire, NW; collagen immobilized control, cPCL; collagen immobilized nanowire, cNW) were investigated for their use as interfaces for blood-contacting implants. The results presented here indicate enhanced in vitro blood compatibility of nanowire surfaces compared control surfaces. Although there were no significant differences in leukocyte adhesion, there was a decrease in platelet adhesion on NW surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a decrease in platelet/leukocyte complexes on cNW surfaces and no apparent complexes were formed on NW surfaces compared to PCL and cPCL surfaces. The increase in these complexes likely contributed to a higher expression of specific markers for platelet and leukocyte activation on PCL and cPCL surfaces. No significant differences were found in contact and complement activation on any surface. Further, thrombin antithrombin complexes were significantly reduced on NW surfaces. A significant increase in hemolysis and fibrinogen adsorption was identified on PCL surfaces likely caused by its hydrophobic surface. This work shows the improved blood-compatibility of nanostructured surfaces, identifying this specific nanoarchitecture as a potential interface for promoting the long-term success of blood-contacting biomaterials.

Hemocompatibility of hyaluronan enhanced linear low density polyethylene for blood contacting applications

“…Thus, the HMW of HA along with the integrated polyethylene structure may be responsible for the HA-LLDPE surface exhibiting a low binding affinity towards fibrinogen. In addition, the anionic nature of HA-LLDPE may have also reduced overall protein adhesion 55,56 . The results of the fibrinogen and contact activation studies indicate that thrombosis may be mitigated by the lack of procoagulant protein adhesion.…”

“…In addition, the anionic nature of HA-LLDPE may have also reduced overall protein adhesion. 55,56 The results of the fibrinogen and contact activation studies indicate that thrombosis may be mitigated by the lack of procoagulant protein adhesion. Furthermore, the results indicate the both LLDPE and HMW-HA may be beneficial materials for use in cardiovascular implants.…”

Flexible Gold Nanocone Array Surfaces as a Tool for Regulating Neuronal Behavior

“…Therefore, appropriate design of surface architectures, such as surface topography, mechanical and chemical properties, provides a powerful tool to control cell behavior on the artificial surfaces . Various potential applications of micro‐ and nanoscale structured surfaces have been proposed, which include tissue engineering, medical implant with blood compatibility, cancer cell detection, and electrophysiological devices . In particular, implementation of topographic surfaces into neural interface was introduced as a promising approach to regulate cell functions in vitro and improve performance of electrophysiological devices .…”

Biocompatible shape‐memory poly(vinyl chloride) with a tunable switching temperature via a plasticization effect

“…The platelet adhesion on the specimen was investigated with PRP to eliminate the influence of other components in blood, such as erythrocytes and leucocytes. 22,23 The specimens (10 × 10 mm 2 ) were immersed in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS; pH 7.4) and equilibrated at 37 C for 1 h. Subsequently, PBS was removed, and 1 mL of fresh PRP was added. After the specimens were incubated with PRP at 37 C for 2 h, PRP was decanted off, and the specimens were rinsed three times with PBS.…”