“…Successive volume scans of radar data are used to generate accumulated rainfall maps (e.g., Austin 1987;Fabry et al 1994;Liu and Krajewski 1996;Fulton et al 1998;Anagnostou and Krajewski 1999;Tabary 2007;Gerstner and Heinemann 2008;Islam and Rasmussen 2008;Villarini and Krajewski 2010), wind vectors from single-Doppler velocity retrievals (e.g., Tuttle and Foote 1990;Sun andCrook 1994, 2001;Laroche and Zawadzki 1995;Shapiro et al 1995Shapiro et al , 2003Zhang and Gal-Chen 1996;Liou 1999;Liou and Luo 2001;Lazarus et al 2001;Gao et al 2001;Xu et al 2001a,b;Caya et al 2002), multiple-Doppler wind and vertical velocity analyses (e.g., Clarke et al 1980;Miller and Kropfli 1980;Ray et al 1980;Gal-Chen 1982;Chong et al 1983;Mohr et al 1986), multiple-Doppler thermodynamic retrievals (e.g., Gal-Chen 1978;Hane et al 1981;Roux 1985;Parsons et al 1987;Sun and Houze 1992;Crook 1994;Liou 2001), and multiple-radar merged reflectivity analyses (Germann and Zawadzki 2002;Lakshmanan et al 2006;Langston et al 2007;Yang et al 2009). S...…”