Improved Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Ridge Estimators for Linear Regression with Multicollinearity

Environmental regulation, land use efficiency and industrial structure upgrading: Test analysis based on spatial durbin model and threshold effect

“…Therefore, this study identifies ER and LUE as the main explanatory variables while controlling for other factors influencing ISU. Furthermore, taking the logarithm of both sides of the equation is employed to address heteroscedasticity[ 69 ] and multicollinearity issues[ 70 ]. The model is set as follows: …”