Improved Healing of Sulfur Mustard-Induced Cutaneous Lesions in the Weanling Pig by Pulsed Co₂Laser Debridement

A cutaneous full-thickness liquid sulfur mustard burn model in weanling swine: clinical pathology and urinary excretion of thiodiglycol†‡

“…19 We had previously examined clinical pathology parameters in male weanling pigs cutaneously exposed to saturated HD vapor and debrided with a pulsed CO 2 laser, and found no indication of systemic toxicities. 26 Slight increases in white blood cell counts were noted, primarily due to increases in the number of neutrophils. Because HD is systemically absorbed following cutaneous exposure, hematology and clinical chemistry examinations were conducted to ascertain any systemic toxicities in our full-thickness HD burn model.…”

Sulfur mustard-induced skin burns in weanling swine evaluated clinically and histopathologically†

“…multilayer epidermis, hair distribution pattern and presence of sweat glands) and the ability of swine to develop epidermal-dermal separation following HD exposure were important criteria for selecting the weanling pig for HD wound healing studies. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The weanling animal is in a rapid growth phase, which provides optimal healing conditions. Thus, the weanling pig is a suitable model for HD wound healing studies.…”

“…Guinea pigs (hairless and with hair), mice, rabbits and swine are species recognized as the primary models for dermatological and burn research. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Hairless guinea pigs were the species of choice for vesicant research at USAMRICD. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] However, the source of hairless guinea pigs was interrupted in 1993 by an outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes at the breeding facility of the commercial supplier.…”

“…In addition, USAMRICD scientists have used the weanling swine for an HD vapor exposure model for efficacy testing of topical skin protectants, for laser debridement of HD-induced burns, for an in vitro model and for the development of a historical database. 22,30,31,35,36 This study was designed to develop a weanling pig model that produced consistent full-skin-thickness HDinduced lesions for treatment evaluations. In addition, histopathological and clinical observation endpoints were assessed on day 2 and on day 8 to determine S155 HD-INDUCED BURNS IN WEANLING SWINE useful endpoints for characterizing wound development and healing for efficacy studies.…”

Sulphur Mustard Induced Toxicity, Mechanism of Action and Current Medical Management

“…Ocular exposure will require rapid removal of the agent from the eyes by irrigating with water vapor. The use of laser debridement of burns has shown to increase the rate of burn resolution in animal models and may, therefore, be beneficial in SM induced skin injuries 111 Because no antidotes are available till date for SM toxicity medical management rely on prevention, decontamination and palliative treatment of signs and symptoms , et al further, this formulation was fortified with aloe vera and betain for enhancing its wound healing efficacy without affecting its stability and decontamination activity 127 . Polyurethane sponges containing detoxification additives are currently being developed and evaluated for decontamination/ detoxification 116 .…”