2023
DOI: 10.1504/ijcsm.2023.131625
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Improved handwritten digit recognition using artificial neural networks

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“…The optimizer and loss function used in both models is Adam and sparse categorical cross-entropy respectively. ReLU (R(x)) has become one of the desired selections for a hidden layer's activation function because it is usually easier to teach and offers greater accuracy than others [17]. Additionally, it resolves the vanishing gradients, and its behavior is nearly linear as per equation 2.…”
Section: Proposed Architecturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The optimizer and loss function used in both models is Adam and sparse categorical cross-entropy respectively. ReLU (R(x)) has become one of the desired selections for a hidden layer's activation function because it is usually easier to teach and offers greater accuracy than others [17]. Additionally, it resolves the vanishing gradients, and its behavior is nearly linear as per equation 2.…”
Section: Proposed Architecturementioning
confidence: 99%