“…If the detected nodule is over a certain value for the dice coefficient, it is kept and cropped to a 50x50 image to keep as a true detected nodule for that patient, and as data for the nodule classification. Moreover, unlike the approach, which averages nodule encodings to arrive at a patient-level representation that corresponds to the provided labels [8], in this approach, a detected nodule is labeled cancerous if the patient has cancer and non-cancerous does not. The advantage of this approach is that, again, it does not rely on detecting nodules.…”