Improved flame retardant of intumescent flame retardant flame-retarded high density polyethylene with fullerene decorated by iron compound

Pan, Yun-Wen; Guo, Zhansheng; Ran, Shiya; Fang, Zeng; Gao, Dingshan; Cai, Yuhang; Shên, Hui; He, Yong

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.72

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…17,18,63,64 In the next plan, we will design and synthesize HAPO to combine with inorganic flame retardants to form a synergistic system, hoping to achieve a flame-retardant effect similar to that of PDOP. 65,66…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Lin

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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In this work, a halogen-free intumescent combining phosphorus and nitrogen, flame-retardant 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (HAPO) was successfully synthesized. It had been synthesized by reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3, 2-dioxphosphinane 2-oxide with Schiff base. Its chemical structure was characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectrum. The flame-retardant polyurethanes were prepared with different loadings of HAPO. The thermal properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the pure polyurethane foam thermosets were investigated by a series of measurements involving thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index measurement, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results of the aforementioned tests indicated that HAPO can significantly improve the flame retardancy as well as smoke inhibition performance of polyurethane foam. Compared with the PU-Neat, the limited oxygen index of flame-retardant polyurethanes (15%) thermoset was increased from 19.5% to 23.8% and its UL-94 reached V-0 rating. In addition, the cone test results showed that the heat release rate, total heat release, rate of smoke release, and total smoke production of flame-retardant polyurethanes (10%) were decreased obvious sly. The apparent morphology of carbon residue was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and results revealed that the modified polyurethane foam can form dense carbon layer after combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis results also indicated that the char amount of flame-retardant polyurethanes was obviously increased compared with PU-Neat. Based on the above analysis, we can draw the conclusions which in the condensed phase, phosphorus-based acids from the degradation of HAPO, this could promote the formation of continuous and dense phosphorus-rich carbon layer. In the gas phase, the flame-retardant mechanism was ascribed to the quenching effect of phosphorus-based radicals and diluting effect by non-flammable gases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Lin

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…[ 236,244 ] Apart from this effect, IFRs can lead to a radical trapping effect which enhances flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites in which they are used. [ 245,246 ]…”

Section: Fiber‐reinforced Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural residue fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid: A Review

et al. 2020

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Biocomposites containing natural fibers and biopolymers are an ideal choice for developing substantially biodegradable materials for different applications. Polylactic acid is a biopolymer produced from renewable resources and has drawn numerous interest in packaging, electrical, and automotive application in recent years. However, its potential application in both electrical and automotive industries is limited by its flame retardancy and thermal properties. One way to offset this challenge has been to incorporate natural or synthetic flame retardants in polylactic acid (PLA). The aim of this article is to review the trends in research and development of composites based on agricultural fibers and PLA biopolymers over the past decade. This article highlights recent advances in the fields of flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural fiber‐reinforced PLA. Typical fiber‐reinforced PLA processing techniques are mentioned. Over 75% of the studies reported that incorporation of agricultural fibers resulted in enhanced flame retardancy and thermal stability of fiber‐reinforced PLA. These properties are further enhanced with surface modifications on the agricultural fibers prior to use as reinforcement in fiber‐reinforced PLA. From this review it is clear that flame retardancy and thermal stability depends on the type and pretreatment method of the agricultural fibers used in developing fiber‐reinforced PLA. Further research and development is encouraged on the enhancement of the flame retardancy properties of agricultural fiber‐reinforced PLA, especially using agricultural fibers themselves as flame retardants as opposed to synthetic flame retardants that are typically used.

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“…Under the consensus of avoiding halogenated flameretardant additives that evolve toxic gas during combustion, 9,10 a reactive approach in which the flameretardant element is covalently incorporated into the polymer skeleton shows strong potential and it also permanently endows the polymer with good flame retardancy. 11 Besides, the original physical properties of the modified materials are basically maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel grafted polyethylene with diphenyl phosphoryl group: Improved flame retardancy and favorable compatibility

Wang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel phosphorous/benzene-containing flame-retardant diphenyl phosphoryl polyethylene (PEP) is synthesized from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with two steps reactions and its chemical structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The grafted molecular dispersion is calculated by gel permeation chromatography and the phase transition is analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. And results show its promising processability potential. High density polyethylene (HDPE) composite containing 15 wt% PEP is prepared by melt blending, and its fire performance and thermal behaviors are investigated in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and thermogravimetric analysis. There is a 16% increase to 20.2 in the LOI value of PEP, while it fails the UL-94 test. The char morphology is characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and observed multi-layered intumescent residue char effectively reduces the transfer of heat and oxygen. The major degradation is quantitively analyzed by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The results demonstrate that there is a catalytic effect by the phosphorous substance in char formation. Finally, the mechanical properties tests show that the loss due to the addition is small, which signifies the good compatibility between the pure HDPE and the grafted addition.

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Improved flame retardant of intumescent flame retardant flame-retarded high density polyethylene with fullerene decorated by iron compound

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Flame retardancy and thermal stability of agricultural residue fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid: A Review

A novel grafted polyethylene with diphenyl phosphoryl group: Improved flame retardancy and favorable compatibility

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