Improved field emission from indium decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Sreekanth, M.; Ghosh, Santanu; Biswas, P.; Kumar, Samir; Srivastava, Pankaj

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.170

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The use of CNT arrays allows the emitter power to increase, consequently expanding their range of application. Cathode emission characteristics can be improved by chemically modifying the CNT’s surface, e.g., by depositing nanoparticles and compounds [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Efficient operation of cathodes composed of vertically-aligned CNTs requires the array surface to be geometrically uniform to provide a constant amplification factor and a constant work function at different parts of the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Plasma Treatment of Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Improvement of Field Emission Properties

et al. 2020

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Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays show potential for the development of planar low-voltage emission cathodes. The characteristics of cathodes can be improved by modifying their surface, e.g., by hydrogen plasma treatment, as was performed in this work. The surface of multi-walled CNT arrays grown on silicon substrates from toluene and ferrocene using catalytic chemical vapor deposition was treated in a high-pressure (~104 Pa) microwave reactor. The structure, composition, and current-voltage characteristics of the arrays were studied before and after hydrogen plasma treatment at various power values and durations. CNT tips were destroyed and catalytic iron was released from the CNT channels. The etching rate was influenced by iron particles that formed on the array surface. The lower emission threshold in the plasma-treated arrays than in the initial sample is explained by the amplification factor of the local electric field increasing due to graphene structures of unfolded nanotube layers that formed at the CNT tips.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Plasma Treatment of Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Improvement of Field Emission Properties

et al. 2020

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“…The ID/IG ratio was used to determine the surface defects of MWCNT and this increased intensity in the acid-treated MWCNT indicated that there were chemical functionalization and microstructural changes on MWCNT. 18,19…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical properties of cyanate ester resin modified with acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Liu

et al. 2016

High Performance Polymers

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that were treated with mixed acids were used to reinforce the cyanate ester resin. Meanwhile, the relationship among structure, morphology, and property of the modified resin was investigated. The treated MWCNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS results showed that the oxygen content in the treated MWCNTs was higher than that of untreated MWCNTs and the FTIR results indicated the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the treated MWCNTs. The microstructure of the resin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the dispersion properties of the treated MWCNTs in the resin matrix were improved and compared with the untreated analogue. Addition of MWCNTs to the resin had little effect on the thermodynamic properties of the resin system. Upon addition of 0.8 wt% of MWCNTs to the resin, the glass transition temperature of the cured resin changed from 298°C to 285°C, maintaining a relatively high value. For the resins containing 0.6 wt% of treated MWCNTs, the plane strain critical stress intensity factor and plane strain critical strain energy release rate in the system were determined to be 1.39 Pa·m0.5 and 364 J m−2, respectively, and the fracture toughness is increased by 45.7 and 76.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the modified resin system exhibits excellent toughness and thermal properties. Therefore, the modified resin may be suitable for future applications involving high performance composites and adhesives.

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“…One of the recent approaches to improve the field-emission performance is coating the CNT film with a low work-function material, to form a composite cathode. The approach is based on earlier findings, whereas grown-in-CVD-process CNTs were coated with lower work-function metal nanoparticles, such as Cs [155], Ti [156], Ag [157], Al [158], In [159], or Ta [160], and metal oxides, e.g., titanium oxide (TiO2) [161], and resulted in lower turn-on electric field, and threshold electric field could be achieved. In the case of a dielectric addition to the CNT array, the threshold electric field might be lower about a few times.…”

Section: Fillers and Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though in the literature, for film cathodes, there is a developed theoretical model which might explain to some degree the evolution and self-assembly of the system of CNTs during field emission [158], the readers should also note the ongoing scientific discourse on the right theoretical model that describes the field emission; the commonly used Fowler-Nordheim equations were found to be inadequate and need to be corrected. So far, it is proposed to use the corrected F-N equation named Murphy-Good equations [19] in order to prevent the research-integrity problem, as it was called by R. Forbes in his latest paper [25].…”

Section: Field-emission Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Emission Cathodes to Form an Electron Beam Prepared from Carbon Nanotube Suspensions

Laszczyk

2020

Micromachines

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In the first decade of our century, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) became a wonderful emitting material for field-emission (FE) of electrons. The carbon nanotube field-emission (CNT-FE) cathodes showed the possibility of low threshold voltage, therefore low power operation, together with a long lifetime, high brightness, and coherent beams of electrons. Thanks to this, CNT-FE cathodes have come ahead of increasing demand for novel self-sustaining and miniaturized devices performing as X-ray tubes, X-ray spectrometers, and electron microscopes, which possess low weight and might work without the need of the specialized equipped room, e.g., in a harsh environment and inaccessible-so-far areas. In this review, the author discusses the current state of CNT-FE cathode research using CNT suspensions. Included in this review are the basics of cathode operation, an evaluation, and fabrication techniques. The cathodes are compared based on performance and correlated issues. The author includes the advancement in field-emission enhancement by postprocess treatments, incorporation of fillers, and the use of film coatings with lower work functions than that of CNTs. Each approach is discussed in the context of the CNT-FE cathode operating factors. Finally, we discuss the issues and perspectives of the CNT-FE cathode research and development.

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Improved field emission from indium decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrogen Plasma Treatment of Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Improvement of Field Emission Properties

Hydrogen Plasma Treatment of Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Improvement of Field Emission Properties

Thermal and mechanical properties of cyanate ester resin modified with acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Field Emission Cathodes to Form an Electron Beam Prepared from Carbon Nanotube Suspensions

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