Improved exfoliation of surface-functionalized graphene oxide by epoxy monomer and enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Fan, Jie; Yang, Jiping; Li, Hong; Tian, Jun; Ye, Jinrui; Zhao, Yunfeng

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-06580-z

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Functionalization enhances the interfacial bonding, efficiency of dispersion along steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsive effect and also the efficiency of nano reinforcement in cement composites. [186][187][188] Covalent functionalization and noncovalent functionalization are two methods under chemical method. While in covalent functionalization chemicals are bonded to the surface with or without acidic treatment and by fluxing chemical gases, in the other approach of non-covalent functionalization, molecules are wrapped by polymers or adsorbed by surfactants.…”

Section: Process and Methods Of Dispersion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique finds a way to mitigate the consequences faced during the dispersion process by revamping the compatibility and solubility issues. Functionalization enhances the interfacial bonding, efficiency of dispersion along steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsive effect and also the efficiency of nano reinforcement in cement composites 186–188 . Covalent functionalization and non‐covalent functionalization are two methods under chemical method.…”

Section: Process and Methods Of Dispersion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart cement‐sensor composite: The evolution of nanomaterial in developing sensor for structural integrity

Kanagasundaram

Elavenil

2023

Structural Concrete

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The integration of self‐sensing ability and different functional properties of nanomaterials into construction materials leads to smart and multifunctional cementitious sensor composites. Significant evolution of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has helped to elevate the life span and mitigate damages of the structure. Developing smart cementitious sensor composite with electrical properties as a parent element and embedding it in the structural components have proved to be advantageous in terms of evaluating the damages, monitoring the periodic health and life assessment of the structures. In this review, the copious development processes and various methods of designing smart‐sensing cementitious composites have been scrutinized. This work recapitulates the principle of self‐sensing technique, typical functional fillers, trends of percolation threshold, dispersing material, dispersion technology, and also describes the required sensing ability of the sensors using the conduction theory. Subsequently application of smart cement‐sensors in structural components for SHM is discussed. In addition, this review article provides comprehensive information on the effects of nano materials and their dispersion in the development for smart and multifaceted cementitious sensor composites with enhanced sensitivity parameters and economic benefits that are suitable for future prospects.

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Section: Process and Methods Of Dispersion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process and Methods Of Dispersion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart cement‐sensor composite: The evolution of nanomaterial in developing sensor for structural integrity

Kanagasundaram

Elavenil

2023

Structural Concrete

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Several factors have been studied looking for an increase in the mechanical properties of these materials, such as the distribution and dispersion of the CNPs, 6 reinforcement loading, 7 the geometry of the CNPs, 8 and the compatibility between the CNPs and the polymer matrix. 9,10 Although significant advances have been demonstrated in the area, [11][12][13] two main factors limited the application of polymeric nanocomposites with CNPs:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, they are highly demanded in the automotive, aerospace, biomedicine, and packaging industries 1–5 . Several factors have been studied looking for an increase in the mechanical properties of these materials, such as the distribution and dispersion of the CNPs, 6 reinforcement loading, 7 the geometry of the CNPs, 8 and the compatibility between the CNPs and the polymer matrix 9,10 . Although significant advances have been demonstrated in the area, 11–13 two main factors limited the application of polymeric nanocomposites with CNPs: The poor compatibility of CNPs in polymeric matrices limits the potential improvements of polymer composites 4,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of polypropylene mechanical behavior by the synergistic effect of mixtures of carbon nanofibers and graphene nanoplatelets modified with cold propylene plasma

Covarrubias-Gordillo¹,

Rivera-Salinas²,

Fonseca‐Florido³

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Incorporating carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) into polymers can enhance their mechanical behavior; however, enhancement depends strongly on compatibility and homogeneous dispersion. Actual methods to succeed high dispersion and compatibility are complicated, have solvent‐associated problems, and long processing times. The present work proposes the increase of the dispersion and compatibility of CNPs in a polypropylene (PP) matrix to obtain a nanocomposite with high mechanical properties, using simple, fast, and green methodologies: the modification of the CNPs by cold propylene plasma and the synergistic effect resulting from mixtures of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with PP matrix by melt mixing. Mixtures of CNFs and GNPs in 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 ratios at 1 and 5 wt/wt% with and without surface modification by cold propylene plasma were fabricated. The compatibility and dispersion of the CNPs in the PP matrix were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy, and the results were related to the mechanical properties. The results show that the use of mixtures improved the dispersion in the system and hindered the reagglomeration of CNPs, whereas surface modification with plasma promotes higher compatibility between the phases. The elastic modulus of PP reached an increase of 127.40% using a modified mixture by plasma in a 7:3 ratio (CNF:GNPs) at 5 wt/wt%, while when the CNPs were used individually, the modified CNFs and GNPs at 5 wt/wt%, reached 97.77% and 111.85%, respectively. In addition, a finite element analysis shows that the stresses in nanocomposites fabricated with mixtures of CNPs are supported to a greater extent by GNPs than CNFs due to their morphology with a low number of graphene sheets, which allows them to have greater flexibility.

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“…Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are defined as composite materials with polymers as the continuous phase and nanoparticles as the dispersed phase. [1][2][3] Studies have shown that nanoparticles can not only interact with polymer molecular chains 4 and then improve the mechanical properties and melt fluidity of composite materials, 5,6 but also retain its inherent small size, high-specific surface area, high-surface energy and other characteristics, 7,8 giving the composite system some new functions, such as electricity, catalysis, optics and magnetism. [9][10][11][12][13] As early as 1856, Goodyear 14,15 mixed nano carbon black into natural rubber, which achieved a substantial increase in tensile strength and elongation; Mackay 16 added a small amount of dendritic polyester particles to low-density polyethylene, and found that the unstable flow of polymer melt disappeared; Yu et al 17 dispersed ZnS:O (part of S in ZnS was replaced by O) nanoparticles in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix to obtain a composite material with significantly improved discharge energy density and charging efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on the correlation between properties of nanoparticles and their dispersion states in polymer matrix

Yang

Cui

Meng

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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When fabricating polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), it is difficult for nanoparticles to disperse stably in polymer matrix since their high-surface energy can cause them to attract each other. In this paper, we review the effects of nanoparticle size, surface chemical properties, and thermodynamic parameters on the dispersion state of nanoparticles (including inorganic and organic particles) in PNCs and describe some key measures to promote the nanoparticles dispersion. The ideal nanoparticles dispersion in polymer melt is available when the particle size is smaller than the rotation radius of polymer chains and the particle surface is highly compatible or has interactions with the matrix. In polymer solution, establishing proper thermodynamic parameters is necessary to ensure the balance interactions among particles, solvents, and polymers, leading to the successful preparation of PNCs with ideal structure. These results could supply theoretical suggestions for the design of PNCs. Moreover, the equilibrium dispersion may be unavailable without reasonable kinetic parameters, even if the dispersion process is thermodynamically favorable. Therefore, more studies are required on both thermodynamics and kinetics of the dispersion process.

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Improved exfoliation of surface-functionalized graphene oxide by epoxy monomer and enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Smart cement‐sensor composite: The evolution of nanomaterial in developing sensor for structural integrity

Smart cement‐sensor composite: The evolution of nanomaterial in developing sensor for structural integrity

Enhancement of polypropylene mechanical behavior by the synergistic effect of mixtures of carbon nanofibers and graphene nanoplatelets modified with cold propylene plasma

Research progress on the correlation between properties of nanoparticles and their dispersion states in polymer matrix

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