Improved Energy Density at High Temperatures of FPE Dielectrics by Extreme Low Loading of CQDs

Abstract

Electrostatic capacitors, with the advantages of high-power density, fast charging–discharging, and outstanding cyclic stability, have become important energy storage devices for modern power electronics. However, the insulation performance of the dielectrics in capacitors will significantly deteriorate under the conditions of high temperatures and electric fields, resulting in limited capacitive performance. In this paper, we report a method to improve the high-temperature energy storage performance of a polymer dielectric for capacitors by incorporating an extremely low loading of 0.5 wt% carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into a fluorene polyester (FPE) polymer. CQDs possess a high electron affinity energy, enabling them to capture migrating carriers and exhibit a unique Coulomb-blocking effect to scatter electrons, thereby restricting electron migration. As a result, the breakdown strength and energy storage properties of the CQD/FPE nanocomposites are significantly enhanced. For instance, the energy density of 0.5 wt% CQD/FPE nanocomposites at room temperature, with an efficiency (η) exceeding 90%, reached 9.6 J/cm3. At the discharge energy density of 0.5 wt%, the CQD/FPE nanocomposites remained at 4.53 J/cm3 with an efficiency (η) exceeding 90% at 150 °C, which surpasses lots of reported results.