Improved electrochemical performance of Fe-N-C catalysts through ionic liquid modification in alkaline media

Martinaiou, Ioanna; Wolker, Thomas; Shahraei, Ali; Zhang, Guirong; Janssen, André; Wagner, Stephan; Weidler, Natascha; Stark, Robert W.; Etzold, Bastian J. M.; Kramm, Ulrike I.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.028

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The pyrolysis step after ball-milling led to an increase in ECSA only for the sample prepared with no ball-milling (146 m 2 g −1 for FeNC_P vs. 19 m 2 g −1 for FeNC) and the sample obtained with 1 h of ball-milling time (69 m 2 g −1 for FeNC_BM1_P vs. 54 m 2 g −1 for FeNC_BM1). By contrast, the pyrolysis treatment led to a decrease in ECSA for ball-milling time higher than 1 h. This can be ascribed to an agglomeration of solid clusters and pore growth between them, as previously reported by Martinaiou et al, who demonstrated that ESCA of Fe-N-C materials is reduced by a pyrolysis step after ball milling due to changes in porosity [60]. Epr and Jpr values were affected by pyrolysis with a similar trend as compared to that described for ECSA and illustrated in Figure 7.…”

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 72%

Iron-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion: Effect of Ball Milling on Oxygen Reduction Activity

et al. 2020

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In this work, we synthesized new materials based on Fe(II) phthalocyanine (FePc), urea and carbon black pearls (BP), called Fe-N-C, as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in neutral solution. The electrocatalysts were prepared by combining ball-milling and pyrolysis treatments, which affected the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and electrocatalytic activity toward ORR, and stability was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Ball-milling allowed us to increase the ECSA, and the ORR activity as compared to the Fe-N-C sample obtained without any ball-milling. The effect of a subsequent pyrolysis treatment after ball-milling further improved the electrocatalytic stability of the materials. The set of results indicated that combining ball-milling time and pyrolysis treatments allowed us to obtain Fe-N-C catalysts with high catalytic activity toward ORR and stability which makes them suitable for microbial fuel cell applications.

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Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 72%

Iron-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion: Effect of Ball Milling on Oxygen Reduction Activity

et al. 2020

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“…The G‐band is related to the graphitic carbon with sp 2 electronic configuration, whereas the D ‐band is associated with vibrations at the edges of graphene planes or close to defects . The D 3 ‐band corresponds to the defective carbon including organic molecules, molecular fragments, or functional groups, and the D 4 ‐band is ascribed to polyene‐like structures, according to recently published results . It is believed that the intensity ratio of D 3 ‐band to G‐band (denoted as I D3 / I G ) can serve as a valid descriptor for nitrogen‐containing heteroatoms presented in carbons, and the greater the I D3 / I G , the higher the nitrogen level .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…[21] The D 3 -band corresponds to the defective carboni ncluding organic molecules, molecular fragments,o rf unctionalg roups,a nd the D 4 -band is ascribed to polyene-like structures, accordingt or ecently published results. [22,23] It is believed that the intensity ratio of D 3 -band to Gband (denoted as I D3 /I G )c an serve as av alid descriptor for nitrogen-containing heteroatomsp resentedi nc arbons, and the greater the I D3 /I G ,t he higher the nitrogen level. [21] In our case, the I D3 /I G of the Cu-N-C( 0.50) increases obviously,c ompared with that of the N-C sample (0.25) in Figure 2(d), implying the presence of the CuÀNm oietiesb esides the N-C in the Cu-N-C sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐formation Copper‐Nitrogen Species on Carbon Black: Their Chemical Structures and Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Xie

Liu

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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The 3d transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon materials (TM-N-C) are considered as the most promising next-generation electrocatalysts, as alternatives to precious Pt, for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we have fabricated a Cu-N-C catalyst through directly grafting copper-nitrogen complexes, composed by cuprous chloride and ammonia water, onto the surface of carbon black at 500 °C. In an alkaline environment, the synthesized catalyst exhibits excellent ORR catalytic activity, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst, but far exceeding that obtained by the original carbon. Moreover, the catalyst displays much better stability than Pt/C. The enhanced ORR performance is proven to originate from the post-formation Cu -N and Cu -N sites at the carbon surface, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The possible ORR process catalyzed by these Cu-N species is discussed at the atomic level. This work provides a simple and fast synthesis strategy for efficient TM-N-C catalysts on a large scale for energy storage and conversion systems.

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“…23 Subsequently, it was reported by Kramm et al that ILs improved the ORR activity of Fe-N/C catalysts in alkaline electrolyte. 24 However, IL modification of transition metal-based ORR catalysts are still rarely reported, especially for Co-N/C based materials. The practical behavior and operational mechanisms of such IL-modified non-PGM catalysts in fuel cells remain unknown, as they have not been rigorously tested in either PEMFCs or AEMFCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid-Modified Microporous ZnCoNC-Based Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

et al. 2019

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Non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts have been widely reported, but their application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is challenging due to their poor performance in acidic environments. Here [BMIM][NTf2] ionic liquid (IL) modification of microporous ZnCoNC catalysts (derived from ZIF-ZnCo) is investigated to study their behavior in PEMFCs and to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms in practical operation. The high O2 solubility of ILs enhance the

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Improved electrochemical performance of Fe-N-C catalysts through ionic liquid modification in alkaline media

Cited by 70 publications

References 48 publications

Iron-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion: Effect of Ball Milling on Oxygen Reduction Activity

Iron-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion: Effect of Ball Milling on Oxygen Reduction Activity

Post‐formation Copper‐Nitrogen Species on Carbon Black: Their Chemical Structures and Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Ionic Liquid-Modified Microporous ZnCoNC-Based Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

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