Improved electrical heating properties for polymer nanocomposites by electron beam irradiation

Zhang, Rong; Tang, Ping; Shi, Ran; Cheng, Tianyu; Bin, Yuezhen; Hu, Songqing

doi:10.1007/s00289-017-2172-2

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These effects resulted in a random distribution of gaps between CBs in the nanocomposites, leading to the collapse of the conducting CB network. It is well documented that the PTC effects of CBs-loaded nanocomposites are mostly caused by an increased average distance between CBs and/or aggregates in the homogeneous polymeric matrix. − In case of the CBs–HDPE nanocomposites with high CB content (65%) considered in this study, the CBs could easily generate a continuous conductive pathway, significantly reducing the interparticle distances. An increased interparticle distance might be the main factor causing an increase in resistivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive/Negative Temperature Coefficient Behaviors of Electron Beam-Irradiated Carbon Blacks-Loaded Polyethylene Nanocomposites

2022

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Polymer-based materials with positive temperature coefficients (PTC) are regarded as potential candidates for electrical heating elements in a wide range of applications, such as wearable electronics, soft robots, and smart skin. They offer many advantages over ceramic or metal oxide-based composites, including low resistance at room temperature, excellent flexibility and processability, and low cost. However, the electrical resistance instability and poor reproducibility have limited their use in practical applications. In this work, we prepared carbon blacks-reinforced high-density polyethylene nanocomposites (CBs–HDPE) loaded with polar additives (polyols or ionomers), which were subsequently subjected to electron beam (EB) irradiation to explore their PTC behaviors. We found that the EB-treated nanocomposites exhibited PTC behaviors, while the untreated samples showed negative temperature coefficients. Further, EB–ionomer-CBs–HDPE showed the highest PTC intensity of 3.01 Ω·cm, which was ∼35% higher than that of EB-CBs–HDPE. These results suggested that the EB irradiation enabled a specific volume expansion behavior via enhanced crosslinking among CBs, polar additives, and HDPE, inhibiting the formation of conductive networks in the nanocomposites. Thus, it can be concluded that polar additives and further EB irradiation played an important role in enhancing the PTC performances. We believe the findings provide crucial insight for designing carbon–polymer nanocomposites with PTC behaviors in various self-regulating heating devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive/Negative Temperature Coefficient Behaviors of Electron Beam-Irradiated Carbon Blacks-Loaded Polyethylene Nanocomposites

2022

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“…To investigate the heating characteristics of the MWCNT/PDMS composite film, the electric-heating characteristics were analyzed by defining three temperature ranges over time: a ramp-up region, a steady-state temperature region, and a cooling one [26,29]. In the results of this experiment, the heating region was set to 0-5 min, and the steady-state temperature region was set to 5-20 min (Figure 6b).…”

Section: Electric-heating Performances and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Heating Performances in the Sub-Zero Environment of MWCNT/PDMS Composite with Low Electron-Tunneling Energy

Min

Eom

Kim³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The structural stability of various structures (railroads, bridges, buildings, etc.) is lowered due to freezing because of the decreasing outside temperature in winter. To prevent damage from freezing, a technology for de-icing has been developed using an electric-heating composite. For this purpose, a highly electrically conductive composite film with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) uniformly dispersed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix through a three-roll process was fabricated by shearing the MWCNT/PDMS paste, through a two-roll process. The electrical conductivity and the activation energy of the composite were 326.5 S/m and 8.0 meV at 5.82 Vol% of MWCNTs, respectively. The dependence of the electric-heating performance (heating rate and temperature change) on the applied voltage and environmental temperature (from −20 °C to 20 °C) was evaluated. The heating rate and effective-heat-transfer characteristics were observed to decrease as the applied voltage increased, while they showed the opposite tendency when the environmental temperature was at sub-zero temperatures. Nevertheless, the overall heating performance (heating rate and temperature change) was maintained with little significant difference in the considered external-temperature range. The unique heating behaviors can result from the low activation energy and the negative-temperature (T) coefficient of resistance (R) (NTCR, dR/dT < 0) of the MWCNT/PDMS composite.

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“…Nonetheless, it is approved that the reversible deconstruction or reconstruction of the conductive network can fundamentally improve the performance of PTC reproducibility (Figure 1). Great progress has been made to improve the PTC reproducibility, and the typical strategies are shown as Figure 2, including modification of fillers, 53 crosslinking of polymer matrix, 69 hybrids of fillers, 70 and application of binary polymer matrix 54 . As the common strategy for enhanced PTC reproducibility, the modification of fillers improves the compatibility between filler and polymer, so that not only the large aggregate hardly forms but also the conductive fillers can be reversibly pushed out or pulled into their original positions, with the help of physical entanglement or chemical bonding between polymer matrix and the molecule grafted on the surface of filler.…”

Section: Ptc Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs of conductive polymer composites with exceptional reproducibility of positive temperature coefficient effect: A review

Chen

Zhang

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Conductive polymer composites with positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect have gained intensive attention for the potential application in the smart heating field. The PTC reproducibility is significantly essential to guarantee the security and utility of PTC composites. Regrettably, during the repeated temperature cycles, the irreversible self-aggregation of conductive filler and the random reconstruction of conductive network lead to unsatisfactory performance of PTC reproducibility. Extensive efforts have been conducted to address this issue by strategies, including modification of fillers, cross-linking of a polymer matrix, hybrids of fillers, and application of binary polymer matrix. Nevertheless, there are very limited reviews about this issue. In this review, the recent advances in fabricating PTC composites with the enhanced PTC reproducibility have been systematically summarized. Meanwhile, the current challenges and future prospects of PTC composite are also presented. We hope that this review will provide some inspirations for designing PTC materials of long-term performance for commercial applications.

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Improved electrical heating properties for polymer nanocomposites by electron beam irradiation

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Positive/Negative Temperature Coefficient Behaviors of Electron Beam-Irradiated Carbon Blacks-Loaded Polyethylene Nanocomposites

Positive/Negative Temperature Coefficient Behaviors of Electron Beam-Irradiated Carbon Blacks-Loaded Polyethylene Nanocomposites

Independent Heating Performances in the Sub-Zero Environment of MWCNT/PDMS Composite with Low Electron-Tunneling Energy

Designs of conductive polymer composites with exceptional reproducibility of positive temperature coefficient effect: A review

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