Improved Efficiency and Stability in 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene Iodide-Passivated 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Engineering multidimensional two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) perovskite interfaces as light harvesters has recently emerged as a potential strategy to obtain a higher photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with enhanced environmental stability. In this study, we utilized the 1,5-diammonium naphthalene iodide (NDAI) bulky organic spacer for interface modification in 3D perovskites for passivating the anionic iodide/uncoordinated Pb2+ vacancies as well as facilitating charge carrier transfer by improving the energy band alignment at the perovskite/HTL interface. Consequently, the NDAI-treated 2D/3D PSCs showed an enhanced open-circuit voltage and fill factor with a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.48%. In addition, 2D/3D perovskite devices without encapsulation exhibit a 77% retention of their initial output after 1000 h of aging under 50 ± 5% relative humidity. Furthermore, even after 200 h of storage in 85 °C thermal stress, the devices maintain 60% of their initial PCE. The defect passivation and interface modification mechanism were studied in detail by UV vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), solid-state NMR, space-charge-limited current (SCLC) mobility measurement, and impedance spectroscopy. This study provides a promising path for perovskite surface modification in slowing their degradation against external stimuli, providing a future direction for increasing the perovskite device efficiency and durability.

Synthesis and Properties of Halide Perovskites Nanocrystals Toward Solar Cells Application

“…NDAI passivates the anionic iodide/uncoordinated Pb 2+ vacancies and facilitates charge carrier transfer through energy band alignment adjustment at the perovskite/HTL interface. [ 135 ] This results in a remarkable PCE of 21.48%. In another case, multifunctional ligands such as PFPA and HFBA have been employed to passivate the perovskite defects as an additive for the p–i–n architecture PSCs, and maximum efficiency of 20.25% was obtained for the PV device enhanced ambient stability.…”

MXenes as a hole transport interfacial layer for efficient and air-stable quasi-2D perovskite solar cells

“…However, device stability is a major concern from the prospect of commercialization. This nerve has been held by plenty of researchers and remarkable efforts have been made in the modification of perovskite composition 2,3 and interfacial layers/charge collecting electrodes, 4–6 passivating them with organic molecules, 7 oxides, and 2D materials, 8,9 and device encapsulations. 10,11 Perovskite is a key component in PSCs that plays a crucial role in photon absorption, charge generation, transportation, and their recombination dynamics; which consequently decides the performance and stability of the device.…”