Improved child marriage laws and its association with changing attitudes and experiences of intimate partner violence: a comparative multi-national study

Omidakhsh, Negar; Heymann, Jody

doi:10.7189/jogh.10.010707

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The DHS are widely used for country-specific analyses to better understand risk factors of IPV in developing nations (Bazargan-Hejazi et al, 2013; Tlapek, 2015). Others have merged the country-specific datasets to better understand cross-national correlates of IPV attitudes (Hayes & Boyd, 2016; Pierotti, 2013), risk of IPV (Kidman, 2017; Omidakhsh & Heymann, 2020) or help-seeking behaviors (Goodson & Hayes, 2018). What is unique about the DHS is that the data collection effort spans a diverse population across the developing and transitional world.…”

Section: Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the body of scholarship that has demonstrated the relationship between child marriage and risk of IPV, the multilevel influence of child marriage on the risk of IPV remains “undertheorized and understudied” (Yount et al, 2016, p. 1826). To date, scholarship that has assessed the multilevel influence has examined either the village-level (Yount et al, 2016) or the country-level among a limited number of nations (Omidakhsh & Heymann, 2020). For example, Yount et al (2016) demonstrated that village norms of child marriage across 77 Bangladeshi villages interacts with the individual-level protective effects of delayed marriage.…”

Section: Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While prior research has demonstrated an association between early marriage and IPV, most of the analyses are country-specific (Kidman, 2017; Nasrullah et al, 2014; Qamar et al, 2022). Multilevel analyses on the association between early marriage and IPV have been limited in the number of nations included (Omidakhsh & Heymann, 2020). Analyses that do consider the role of contextual effects tend to emphasize either community factors (Yount et al, 2016) or consider national legislation but do not examine how these policies affect individual experiences of IPV (Arthur et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Individual, Community, and National Factors

Hayes

Protas

2021

J Interpers Violence

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Despite being a human rights violation, child marriage still takes place across the globe. Prior scholarship has shown early marriage to be associated with an increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). Drawing on data from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys—conducted in developing and transitional nations where rates of child marriage tend to be higher—the current study provides a cross-national examination of individual-, community-, and national-level predictors of child marriage and their association with physical and emotional IPV. The sample of ever married women includes 281,674 respondents across 46 developing and transitional nations. Findings reveal the prevalence of child marriage was largely consistent with worldwide estimates. Over half of the sample (59.97%) were over the age of 18 when they married and about 1 in 10 women were married at age 14 or younger. A later age at marriage, measured continuously, was associated with lower odds of physical and emotional IPV. When considering the 18 and over cutoff traditionally used to operationalize child marriage, the odds of physical and emotional IPV were lower for women who married over the age of 18 than women who were 14 and younger when they married. However, there was a confounding effect when considering age at marriage as 18 and over when community-level predictors were not included in the model estimating physical abuse. This underscores the need to consider the nested nature of respondents’ experiences. Further, national legislation that protects against child marriage was not associated with risk of physical or emotional IPV. However, population size increased the odds of physical IPV and lowered the odds of emotional IPV. Such findings can be interpreted in light of opportunity theory and provide direction for prevention and intervention programming.

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Section: Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Individual, Community, and National Factors

Hayes

Protas

2021

J Interpers Violence

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“…National-level predictors were then included. The weight for the IPV module was normalized and used for analyses (Omidakhsh and Heymann 2020). All country-level continuous indicators were mean centered.…”

Section: Analytic Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Individual and National Opportunity to the Experience of Intimate Partner Violence among Married Women in the Global South

Hayes

2021

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: Building on the ecological model, multicontextual opportunity theory, and southern criminology, the study developed individual- and country-level indicators of opportunity to understand the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) among married women in the Global South. Opportunity-related indicators considered the impact of globalization and variability across nations categorized as part of the Global South. Methods: Relying on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and open-source country indicators, mixed effects logistic regression examined opportunity-related indicators on a sample of married women ( N = 239,554) from the Global South ( N = 41). Results: Exposure to motivated offenders was associated with higher odds of IPV. Individual-level vulnerability was associated with higher odds of IPV. Isolation and interviews that were interrupted, indicators of guardianship, were associated with higher odds of IPV while the number of people in the household was associated with lower odds. More Parliamentary seats held by women was associated with higher odds of IPV. Nine cross-level interactions were significant. Conclusions: National-level factors moderated the influence of individual-level opportunity, reinforcing the Global South is not monolithic. The traveling of IPV programing from the Global North to the Global South is likely ineffective. Programs must consider how context shapes individual experiences.

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“…83 97 Finally, we identified one paper that explicitly sought to assess whether laws were associated with changes in cultural norms; the authors found that improvements in the laws governing child marriage were associated with greater disapproval of intimate partner violence. 146 Economists Aldashev et al propose a mechanism for these kinds of change; in situations where formal law and cultural practice conflict, marginalised groups may have the option of recourse to the judiciary. The law acts as a 'magnet', pulling the custom in a direction that is more favourable to marginalised groups.…”

Section: Bmj Global Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necessary but not sufficient: a scoping review of legal accountability for sexual and reproductive health in low-income and middle-income countries

Schaaf

Khosla

2021

BMJ Glob Health

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BackgroundThis paper is a scoping review of the impact of legal accountability efforts for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), exploring the links between legal accountability strategies and changes in the desired SRHR outcomes.MethodsWe defined legal accountability as use of the judicial system following state failure to respect, protect or fulfil SRHR as enshrined in national law, as well as individuals’ or the state’s use of criminal law mechanisms to prevent unwanted behaviour and to provide remedy. We undertook a keyword search in PubMed, Scopus and LexisNexis and then consulted a group of experts to provide guidance regarding further peer-reviewed and grey literature, yielding a total of 191 articles.ResultsThe majority of the empirical, peer-reviewed articles identified were regarding abortion law and abortion care availability, followed by violence against women. Most of these articles explore the gaps between law and practice. We identified seven key factors that shape the efficacy of legal accountability efforts, including the ways a law or court decision is formulated, access to courts, the (dis)advantages of criminal law in the given context, cultural norms, politics, state capacity and resources and the potential for further litigation. Many articles explained that use of the judiciary may be necessary to effect change and that the act of claiming rights can empower, but that legal avenues for change can be imperfect tools for justice.ConclusionsLegal accountability can be effective as part of a broader, long-term strategy, with due attention to context.

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Improved child marriage laws and its association with changing attitudes and experiences of intimate partner violence: a comparative multi-national study

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Individual, Community, and National Factors

Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Individual, Community, and National Factors

Development and Application of Individual and National Opportunity to the Experience of Intimate Partner Violence among Married Women in the Global South

Necessary but not sufficient: a scoping review of legal accountability for sexual and reproductive health in low-income and middle-income countries

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