Improved capacitor voltage balancing control for multimode operation of modular multilevel converter with integrated battery energy storage system

Wang, Zhe; Lin, Heyun; Ma, Yajun

doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0033

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, this research only investigates CHB converters with two SMs per phase. In [17], the authors investigated the APCLs of a single SM in the MMC. However, the APCL of a subset with multiple SMs are not analyzed, which is an important drawback as the APCLs of n SMs are not necessarily equal to n times the APCLs of one SM [18].…”

Section: (B) Depictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Capacitor Voltage Ripples on Submodule Active Power Control Limits of Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Liang

Tafti

Farivar

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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In the operation of cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters and modular multilevel converters (MMCs) with energy storage or renewable power resources, unbalanced active power distribution among the submodules (SMs) is unavoidable. Depending on the operating conditions, there are certain upper and lower limits on the active power that can be processed by a single SM or a subset of SMs. The control system needs to restrict the SM power references to these limits, hence, accurate knowledge of the power limits is important. In existing methods to derive the power limits, the SM capacitor voltages are assumed to have negligible ripples, whereas in practice the ripples can be considerable. This paper analyzes the effect of capacitor voltage ripples on the SM active power control limits and highlights the importance of considering the ripple effect. A methodology is proposed to accurately incorporate capacitor voltage ripples in the derivation of SM active power control limits. Simulation and experimental results are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Index Terms-Active power control limits, cascaded H-bridge, capacitor voltage ripple, hybrid integration of energy sources, modular multilevel converter.

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Section: (B) Depictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Capacitor Voltage Ripples on Submodule Active Power Control Limits of Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Liang

Tafti

Farivar

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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“…Authors have also carried out hardware implementation based on the peak current mode switching cycle control for CVB of MMCs [129]. Numerous techniques have been designed and implemented for the voltage balancing of MMCs, as reported in the literature [130][131][132][133][134]. The CCS in MMC has been carried out efficiently through various techniques as proposed by several researchers [135][136][137].…”

Section: Modular Multilevel Converter (Mmc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Inverter: A Survey on Classical and Advanced Topologies, Control Schemes, Applications to Power System and Future Prospects

et al. 2021

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In recent years, multilevel inverters (MLIs) have emerged to be the most empowered power transformation technology for numerous operations such as renewable energy resources (RERs), flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), electric motor drives, etc. MLI has gained popularity in medium- to high-power operations because of numerous merits such as minimum harmonic contents, less dissipation of power from power electronic switches, and less electromagnetic interference (EMI) at the receiving end. The MLI possesses many essential advantages in comparison to a conventional two-level inverter, such as voltage profile enhancement, increased efficiency of the overall system, the capability of high-quality output generation with the reduced switching frequency, decreased total harmonic distortions (THD) without reducing the power of the inverter and use of very low ratings of the device. Although classical MLIs find their use in various vital key areas, newer MLI configurations have an expanding concern to the limited count of power electronic devices, gate drivers, and isolated DC sources. In this review article, an attempt has been made to focus on various aspects of MLIs such as different configurations, modulation techniques, the concept of new reduced switch count MLI topologies, applications regarding interface with renewable energy, motor drives, and FACTS controller. Further, deep insights for future prospective towards hassle-free addition of MLI technology towards more enhanced application for various fields of the power system have also been discussed. This article is believed to be extremely helpful for academics, researchers, and industrialists working in the direction of MLI technology.

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“…With the elapse of battery cycle, the inconsistency of batteries increases dramatically, which increases the risk of runaway heat. Meanwhile, the battery balancing methods can effectively reduce the inconsistency (Baughman and Ferdowsi, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011;Gong and Tang, 2012;Phung et al, 2012;Hua et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2016;Morstyn et al, 2017;Ouyang et al, 2017;Shang et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2019;Moral et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the different control variables, the battery balancing methods can be divided into voltage balancing method (Phung et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2019) and state of charge (SOC) balancing method (Morstyn et al, 2017;Ouyang et al, 2017;Tang et al, 2020). The voltage balancing cannot represent the real state of electricity in each battery, so it cannot be promised in the application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Active Balancing Method Based on SOC and Capacitance for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Liu

Zhang

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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An active balancing method based on the state of charge (SOC) and capacitance is presented in this article to solve the inconsistency problem of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The terminal voltage of each battery is collected first. Then, each battery SOC is accurately estimated by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. In the experiment, the maximum absolute error of SOC evaluation is only 0.0061, and the mean absolute error is 0.0013 when the initial battery SOC is clear. Meanwhile, the maximum absolute error of SOC evaluation is 0.5 and the average absolute error of SOC is 0.0015 when the initial battery SOC is not clear. Afterward, an active balancing circuit based on the estimated battery SOC and capacitance is designed. The energy of capacitance is charged by the battery whose SOC is higher than the other batteries through the circuit to avoid the battery being overcharged. Then, the SOC of batteries gradually turn consistent. In the simulation experiment, the SOC difference of batteries is 7% before the balancing. Meanwhile, the SOC difference of batteries reduces to 0.02% after the balancing and the consuming time is merely 272s, which manifests that the proposed balancing method has a fast balancing speed and better balancing efficiency.

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Improved capacitor voltage balancing control for multimode operation of modular multilevel converter with integrated battery energy storage system

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Capacitor Voltage Ripples on Submodule Active Power Control Limits of Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Effect of Capacitor Voltage Ripples on Submodule Active Power Control Limits of Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Multilevel Inverter: A Survey on Classical and Advanced Topologies, Control Schemes, Applications to Power System and Future Prospects

An Active Balancing Method Based on SOC and Capacitance for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

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